0 HEAD 1 SOUR Legacy 2 VERS 6.0 2 NAME Legacy (R) 2 CORP Millennia Corp. 3 ADDR PO Box 9410 4 CONT Surprise, AZ 85374 1 DEST Gedcom55 1 DATE 2 Oct 2006 1 SUBM @S0@ 1 FILE josephsmithsr.ged 1 GEDC 2 VERS 5.5 2 FORM LINEAGE-LINKED 1 CHAR ANSI 0 @S0@ SUBM 1 NAME Michael A. Kennedy 1 ADDR 595 West 800 South 2 CONT Alpine, UT 84004 1 PHON 801 756 1091 1 _EMAIL mkennedy@xmission.com 1 _URL www.josephsmithsr.com 0 @I239@ INDI 1 NAME Mr. /Ben Lamech/ 2 GIVN Mr. 2 SURN Ben Lamech 2 SOUR @S3@ 3 PAGE 10-11 3 QUAY 3 1 NAME /Ben Lamech/ 2 GIVN 2 SURN Ben Lamech 1 SEX M 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID DB6BA6B2F5CE41AEB507FE6692191390BE25 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMC @F11636@ 0 @I1520@ INDI 1 NAME Boudewijn /Van Nortike Or Van Noordwijck/ 2 GIVN Boudewijn 2 SURN Van Nortike Or Van Noordwijck 1 NAME /Van Nortike Or Van Noordwijck/ 2 GIVN 2 SURN Van Nortike Or Van Noordwijck 1 SEX M 1 BIRT 2 DATE Abt 1245 2 PLAC Noordwijk-Binnen, Zeeland, Netherlands 1 DEAT Y 1 AFN F83M-M6 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID 414AB8402C5F4283BB6CFC9FA376BB9A03D7 1 BAPL 2 DATE 27 May 1994 2 TEMP SDIEG 1 ENDL 2 DATE 8 Aug 1998 2 TEMP SEATT 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMS @F625@ 1 NOTE @NI1520@ 0 @NI1520@ NOTE 1 CONC See citation for source under Everard Van Northge. 1 CONT 1 CONT The story continues: "During the days of Bishop Otto III 1 CONC , brother of Count (of Holland) Floris IV, the youthfyl Bou 1 CONC dewyn van Nortteke who was commanded to the court of Coun 1 CONC t William II, was held "in favor and high esteem" at the co 1 CONC urt of the Count. At that time Bishop Otto had a natural d 1 CONC aughter named Aliedis, who was thought to be the very perso 1 CONC n to make Boudewyn happy. Floris, the brother of Count Wil 1 CONC liam II, had already granted the amiable Boudewyn tithes an 1 CONC d right of control of 110 morgens (2471/2 acres) of land be 1 CONC tween Vennum and Warmonde in the manor of Venno (1252) [a.d 1 CONC .] The marriage was arranged by Count Floris V. The coun 1 CONC t gave then on Feb. 1st 1269 a dowry of 200 Dutch Pounds ou 1 CONC t of the grain and small tithes near Soestermeer, and on Ja 1 CONC n 25th, 1272, this Boudewyn was enfeoffed with land of Boec 1 CONC horst, located in Norteke's second manor, under the jurisdi 1 CONC ction of the manor lord Hugo van Noirtich. The fuedal dee 1 CONC d reads as follows: "Floernts, Count of Holland, salutatio 1 CONC ns to all who see this. Be it known to all that we hereb 1 CONC y have sold the land located located near Nortekke which i 1 CONC s commonly known as Boechorst, bordering to the West on th 1 CONC e lands of Gerard, called Bloete (see Charter of 1293), t 1 CONC o the East on a moat that separates this grove from our Haa 1 CONC rlemerhout ('woods of Haarlem') to the South on the land o 1 CONC f Viscount Diederik, knight, and that of the children of Di 1 CONC ederik van Kerkwerven, and to the North on the land which i 1 CONC s called Made, to Bauduine de Nortekke, holder of this dee 1 CONC d from us and our successors to be held in fief under the c 1 CONC ondition that in case said Baudewyn shall leave a son, th 1 CONC e estate will transfer to him, but in case a son is lackin 1 CONC g to his eldest legal daughter, this feif from one to the o 1 CONC ther but preferably along the male line." According to th 1 CONC e certificate of sale of Boekhorst in 1785 a hunting lodg 1 CONC e was built in this grove already in 732 by a count or lega 1 CONC l representative of this district during the days of Charle 1 CONC s Martel (the Frankish king who defeated the Saracens at To 1 CONC ur in 732 and stopped the Mohammedan invasion of Europe an 1 CONC d was the grandfather of Charlemagne). Boudewyn van Nortte 1 CONC ke having come into posession of a wife of Count-like and e 1 CONC cclesiastical blood and the extensive territory of Boechors 1 CONC t, had his children adopt the family name of Van der Boecho 1 CONC rst and the family coat of arms of the lion of sable (black 1 CONC ) with red tongue and claws. He or presumably his successo 1 CONC r Floris van der Boechorst, founded a castle on his "horst 1 CONC " along the Dood-of-Langenwelderweg, 25 minutes north of th 1 CONC e chapel of den Houte which remained an adornment of den Ho 1 CONC ute until the 18th century. It was an especially solid bui 1 CONC lding with a double drawbridge in the front. There were se 1 CONC veral halls and rooms within. Aside from the cellars the b 1 CONC uilding was three stories high with very thick inside and o 1 CONC utside walls on which a heavy vault rested; a parapet was o 1 CONC n top with embrasures with 16 guns behind this. The roof 1 CONC s were covered with slate of unusually large dimension. Th 1 CONC e castle was surrounded by moats and equipped with two heav 1 CONC y covered gates. A large cruciform church and some farmhou 1 CONC ses in its vicinity were outside the moat. William Nagel an 1 CONC d his successor Floris van der Boechorst (1378) were chapli 1 CONC ns of this chapel. It contained three family vaults: "Acco 1 CONC rding to Mr. Van der 1 CONT 1 CONT 1--the family Nortteke, Boudewyn, lord of Boechorst, and th 1 CONC e lords den Hout, Willem, Hugo and Jan van Nortteke; coat o 1 CONC f arms: a lion of sable on a field of silver.Klooster's ge 1 CONC nealogical chart 1 CONT 1 CONT 2--the family De Witte Gerrit de Witte, bailiff of Noortwy 1 CONC ck and Noortwyckerhout in 1561, and Cornelis de Whitte, th 1 CONC e same in 1572; coat of arms carved in tombstone: Three (b 1 CONC lack) greyhounds on a field of silver, and Willem 1 CONT 1 CONT 3--the family's Gravesande (coat of arms: a golden lion o 1 CONC n a red field.) 1 CONT 1 CONT It has been asserted that after the building of the Boechor 1 CONC st church the chapel at Langeveld was founded at a distanc 1 CONC e of 40 stadia away from the cruciform church because the H 1 CONC oly Sepulcher was the same distance away from Jerusalem; th 1 CONC is according to ancient custom. A younger branch of the lo 1 CONC rds Van der Boechorst founded a castle Boekenburgh, also ca 1 CONC lled Boechorstenburg, at the beginning of the 14th century 1 CONC , located between "die Hoffenne (Offem) and Voerhoute 1 CONC . . . .had another son named Boudewyn who obtained the cast 1 CONC le of 1 CONT 1 CONT If trade was observed here during the Roman period, it disa 1 CONC ppeared again in the beginning of the 5th century with th 1 CONC e departure of the Roman legions, but when the mighty influ 1 CONC ence of Charlemagne organized society a market place was in 1 CONC stituted between the cannals and also a lodging place for p 1 CONC assing travelers and temporily residing merchants. Throug 1 CONC h this new social activity a new "Vicus" or village soon de 1 CONC veloped in the district 'North of the Rhine' which, after h 1 CONC aving been known by various names (originally, Northgo--'go 1 CONC ' was the ancient word for district which later became 'wyc 1 CONC k', officially was named Noortwyck (after the Latin forms 1 CONC : Nordivicus, Nordivici, Nordvicensis) by letter of paten 1 CONC t from Emperor Charles V of March 31, 1554 'voor Paeschen 1 CONC ' (before Easter) in which jurisdiction was granted to th 1 CONC e village under bailiffs and magistrates (schepens) (severa 1 CONC l members of the family in various branches serves in thes 1 CONC e offices). "After Counsel with his advisers, the Count wi 1 CONC thdrew the charter of the 'city privilege of Noertich' an 1 CONC d granted another charter dated March 12, 1398. . . contain 1 CONC ing the following conditions: Boekhorst 1 CONT 1 CONT 1. Those of Noortich and Hoortich Manor will serve the Cou 1 CONC nt in war, when called to do so, with 6 oars. . . . for th 1 CONC e tax they will give 8 oars, the same as others in the Rhin 1 CONC eland and they will pay the levy, the customary amount as u 1 CONC p to now. in 1273. 1 CONT 1 CONT 2. Freedom from tolls on land and water in Holland and Zee 1 CONC land including. . . . freedom from toll past the tolls of H 1 CONC eusden as was enjoyed in the cities of Holland. "He marrie 1 CONC d Aleid, illegitimate daughter of Otto III, Bishop of 1 CONT 1 CONT 3. Right of redemption of cattle. . . . 1 CONT 1 CONT 4. Right to set bond for official violators. 1 CONT 1 CONT Thus Noordwyjk remained a village and manor. For a good ce 1 CONC ntury and a half justice was administered by assizes and ne 1 CONC ighbors until, by request of the manor lord to the Empero 1 CONC r Charles V, the inhabitants of Noortwyck were granted th 1 CONC e right to 'carry out justice through a bailiff and magistr 1 CONC ates chosen and installed by the manor lord. . . March 31 1 CONC , 1554. '(Floris of our Adrian branch was bailiff and judg 1 CONC e of Noordwijk before his death in 1509.). . . 1 CONT 1 CONT . . . According to Mr, Van der Klooster's genealogical char 1 CONC t Willem had another son named Boudewyn who obtained the ca 1 CONC stle of Boekhorst in 1273. He married Aleid, illegitimat 1 CONC e daughter of Otto III, Bishop of Utrecht son of Willem I 1 CONC , Count of Holland. They had a son, Sir Floris van der Boe 1 CONC khorst, knight, 1303-38, from whom our Adriaan branch is su 1 CONC ppose to descend. He had a direct descendant Sir Jan van d 1 CONC er Boekhorst, knight, who was "granted the Manor of Noirtic 1 CONC h (Noordwijk) on Feb. 2, 1438 by Margriete of Burgundy, wid 1 CONC ow of William of Bavaria, from which transaction the origio 1 CONC nal feudal letter has been reproduced for the benefit of th 1 CONC e readers as follows: "Margriete of Burgundy, by Grace o 1 CONC f God, Countess Palatine of the Rhine, Duchess of Bavaria 1 CONC , Countess of Hainault, of Holland, of Zeeland, of Friedlan 1 CONC d, makes known to everyone that we for many faithful servic 1 CONC es done us by our faithful Jan van der Boekhorst in the pas 1 CONC t performed manyfold, daily does, and so God wills will con 1 CONC tinue to perform, to the same from right favor and love bor 1 CONC ne him with due foresight and deliberation, have given thi 1 CONC s document, our manor of our village of Noirtich, with ever 1 CONC y belonging, in manners stipulated herein, to wit, in the f 1 CONC irst instance that he shall have said manor and shall retai 1 CONC n all infringements, penalties and judgements imposed by ou 1 CONC r bailiff within our Manor of Noirtich, the third penny lik 1 CONC ewise in the same manner as our manor lords in the bailiwic 1 CONC k of Rhineland have thereof. And likewise so shall he als 1 CONC o have the wind privilege and our mill at Noirtich, and als 1 CONC o the bailiffship there and each with all utility and profi 1 CONC t, that he may derive thereof, without that he or his heir 1 CONC s or descendants, for undetermined duration will have to gi 1 CONC ve account of justification thereof to us or to our heirs a 1 CONC nd descendants. But that he will safely retain all such mo 1 CONC nies as will be derived from our bailiffship of Noirtich, w 1 CONC ill exempt or concede without we or our heirs of the counts 1 CONC hip of Holland having any claim thereto or in any way objec 1 CONC ting to this. Which aforementioned, our manor of our villa 1 CONC ge Noirtich, with everything pertaining thereto, as specifi 1 CONC ed before, will be retained my old faithful Jan van der Boe 1 CONC khorst, aforementioned, and his heirs and descendants fro 1 CONC m us and from our heirs and descendants Counts or Countesse 1 CONC s of Holland, as an everlasting feudal legacy, in accordanc 1 CONC e with and conditionally as explained hereafter, to be take 1 CONC n, that after the death of our faithful aforementioned th 1 CONC e same our manorial estate will go to his eldest son or dau 1 CONC ghter, who will have survived him, from his marriage to Eli 1 CONC zabeth van Alckemade, his legal spouse, and in all instance 1 CONC s the male person having priority over the female person, a 1 CONC s they both have equal kinship, and in case our aforementio 1 CONC ned would depart without leaving offspring by his aforement 1 CONC ioned wife, our manorial liege and heritage will go to hi 1 CONC s eldest son or daughter as he may have begotten and will h 1 CONC ave left. And as we want to keep the aforementioned stipul 1 CONC ations, and each one in particular, steadily and without vi 1 CONC olation, so we believe that our heirs and descendants our f 1 CONC aithful Jan van der Boekhorst will steady and reinforce hi 1 CONC m herein against anyone who would cause him hindrance, inju 1 CONC ry, nuisance, loss or difficulty in any manner. Hereby pre 1 CONC sent were our faithful counsellor and vassel, as our govern 1 CONC or in our Dutch dowage, Knight of Poelgeest, Lord of Hoichm 1 CONC ade and Lord of Treslong. This charter placed under seal a 1 CONC nd issued at our castle at Teylingen on the feast day of Ou 1 CONC r Lady's purification in the year of Our Lord one thousan 1 CONC d four hundred and thirty-eight, as customary at the cour 1 CONC t of Holland." 0 @I1522@ INDI 1 NAME Aleidis or Aleda /Van Holland/ 2 GIVN Aleidis or Aleda 2 SURN Van Holland 1 NAME /Van Holland/ 2 GIVN 2 SURN Van Holland 1 SEX F 1 BIRT 2 DATE Abt 1249 2 PLAC Noordwijk-Binnen, Zeeland, Netherlands 1 DEAT Y 1 AFN 7Z12-FT 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID 51D335A6043D4AC5BEF18DD5276415DADA2B 1 BAPL 2 DATE 12 Sep 1986 2 TEMP OGDEN 1 ENDL 2 DATE 9 Oct 1986 2 TEMP OGDEN 1 SLGC 2 DATE 7 Nov 1986 2 TEMP OGDEN 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMS @F625@ 1 FAMC @F7765@ 1 NOTE @NI1522@ 0 @NI1522@ NOTE 1 CONC Was daughter of Otto III Bishop of Utrecht and sister of Co 1 CONC unty Floris IV of Holland. 0 @I1555@ INDI 1 NAME Adalbert II The Rich /Di Tuscania/ 2 GIVN Adalbert II The Rich 2 SURN Di Tuscania 2 NSFX 5th margrave of Tuscany , count of Lucca 2 SOUR @S5@ 3 PAGE Table I House of Tusculum 3 QUAY 3 1 NAME /Of Tuscany/ 2 GIVN 2 SURN Of Tuscany 2 NSFX 5th Margrave of Tuscany , Count of Lucca 1 NAME Adalbert II The Rich /Of Tuscany/ 2 GIVN Adalbert II The Rich 2 SURN Of Tuscany 2 NSFX 5th margrave of Tuscany , count of Lucca 2 SOUR @S5@ 3 PAGE Table I House of Tusculum 3 QUAY 3 1 SEX M 1 BIRT 2 DATE Abt 850 2 PLAC , Toscana Region, Italy 1 DEAT 2 DATE 19 Aug 915 2 PLAC Lucca, Tuscany, Italy 1 BURI 2 DATE Aft 19 Aug 915 2 PLAC Lucca Cathedral, Lucca, Tuscany, Italy 1 SOUR @S4@ 2 PAGE 437 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID 905FB6958A54492DB4CCB843FBBE30180A0A 1 BAPL 2 DATE 19 Mar 1993 2 TEMP SGEOR 1 ENDL 2 DATE 26 Mar 1993 2 TEMP SGEOR 1 SLGC 2 DATE 26 Mar 1993 2 TEMP SGEOR 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMS @F81171@ 1 FAMC @F84735@ 0 @I2414@ INDI 1 NAME Isabelle // 2 GIVN Isabelle 1 SEX F 1 DEAT Y 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID C317E150FD6247E596F457761CED7B970844 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMS @F55031@ 0 @I3506@ INDI 1 NAME Mebd /Lethderg/ 2 GIVN Mebd 2 SURN Lethderg 1 NAME /Lethderg/ 2 GIVN 2 SURN Lethderg 1 SEX F 1 BIRT 2 PLAC , , Leinster Province, Ireland 1 DEAT Y 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID 81722A93944F488A8F861C524F6785E60945 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMS @F11608@ 0 @I3507@ INDI 1 NAME Caibre Cluitheachair /Niadh Or Nia Corb/ 2 GIVN Caibre Cluitheachair 2 SURN Niadh Or Nia Corb 1 NAME /Cluitheachair/ 2 GIVN 2 SURN Cluitheachair 1 SEX M 1 BIRT 2 DATE Abt 0035 2 PLAC of Leinster Province, Ireland 1 DEAT Y 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID B1EC76E705074F7C855BED0FB6E1CB2332C0 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMC @F20074@ 0 @I3508@ INDI 1 NAME Mes Corb /Mac Niadh Or Nia Corb/ 2 GIVN Mes Corb 2 SURN Mac Niadh Or Nia Corb 1 NAME /Corb/ 2 GIVN 2 SURN Corb 1 SEX M 1 BIRT 2 DATE Abt 0040 2 PLAC of Leinster Province, Ireland 1 DEAT Y 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID 22C3BE05AE3A45A3B9A43C6ABBE09431DBE8 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMC @F20074@ 0 @I3509@ INDI 1 NAME Cormac Cacch /Mac Niadh Or Nia Corb/ 2 GIVN Cormac Cacch 2 SURN Mac Niadh Or Nia Corb 1 NAME /Cacch/ 2 GIVN 2 SURN Cacch 1 SEX M 1 BIRT 2 DATE Abt 0050 2 PLAC of Leinster Province, Ireland 1 DEAT Y 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID A5B7010BE637481681BFF5AA4B6DF052BC57 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMC @F20074@ 0 @I3510@ INDI 1 NAME Mogh Corb /Of Leinster/ 2 GIVN Mogh Corb 2 SURN Of Leinster 2 NSFX king of Leinster 2 SOUR @S7@ 3 PAGE 484 3 QUAY 3 1 NAME /Corb/ 2 GIVN 2 SURN Corb 1 SEX M 1 BIRT 2 DATE 0060 B.C. 2 PLAC , , Leinster Province, Ireland 1 DEAT Y 1 SOUR @S6@ 2 PAGE page 641 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID 3E6C5E1917494D1DA568596CEE615394F322 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMC @F1355@ 0 @I3511@ INDI 1 NAME Conchobhair Abhraoidhruaidh or Conchabhar Abharadhblis /Of Leinster/ 2 GIVN Conchobhair Abhraoidhruaidh or Conchabhar Abharadhblis 2 SURN Of Leinster 2 NSFX 99th Monarch of Ireland 1 NAME Conchobhar /Abhraoidhruaidh/ 2 GIVN Conchobhar 2 SURN Abhraoidhruaidh 1 NAME Concobar Abra-Ruadh /Of Leinster/ 2 GIVN Concobar Abra-Ruadh 2 SURN Of Leinster 2 NSFX 99th Monarch Of Ireland 1 SEX M 1 BIRT 2 DATE Abt 0080 B.C. 2 PLAC , Leinster Province, Ireland 1 DEAT 2 DATE 0007 B.C. 1 SOUR @S6@ 2 PAGE page 430 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S6@ 2 PAGE page 641 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID E4C3464E73D6487792510E8A890128C83818 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMS @F1355@ 1 FAMC @F1356@ 0 @I3512@ INDI 1 NAME Fionn Filé or Finn File The Poet /Of Leinster/ 2 GIVN Fionn Filé or Finn File The Poet 2 SURN Of Leinster 2 NSFX king of Ireland 2 SOUR @S7@ 3 PAGE 484 3 QUAY 3 2 SOUR @S6@ 3 PAGE page 641 3 QUAY 3 1 NAME /Of Leinster/ 2 GIVN 2 SURN Of Leinster 2 NSFX King Of Ireland 1 SEX M 1 BIRT 2 DATE Abt 100 B.C. 2 PLAC , Leinster Province, Ireland 1 DEAT 2 DATE 0007 B.C. 1 SOUR @S6@ 2 PAGE page 641 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID 3BB2E3F8339F4143B30802A0D1D04FFE698A 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMS @F1356@ 1 FAMC @F1357@ 0 @I3513@ INDI 1 NAME Ros or Roussa Ruadh /Of Leinster/ 2 GIVN Ros or Roussa Ruadh 2 SURN Of Leinster 2 NSFX king of Leinster 2 SOUR @S7@ 3 PAGE 484 3 QUAY 3 1 NAME Rosa Ruadh /Of Leinster/ 2 GIVN Rosa Ruadh 2 SURN Of Leinster 2 NSFX King Of Leinster 1 SEX M 1 BIRT 2 DATE Abt 125 B.C. 2 PLAC , Leinster Province, Ireland 1 DEAT 2 PLAC , Leinster Province, Ireland 1 SOUR @S6@ 2 PAGE page 641 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID 96D581E1CF8A439CA6E1C587A97EB923DB5D 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMS @F1357@ 1 FAMC @F1358@ 0 @I3514@ INDI 1 NAME Fearghus /Fairrge/ 2 GIVN Fearghus 2 SURN Fairrge 2 NSFX king of Ulster 2 SOUR @S7@ 3 PAGE 484 3 QUAY 3 1 NAME Fergus Fargi // 2 GIVN Fergus Fargi 2 SURN 1 NAME /Fairrge/ 2 GIVN 2 SURN Fairrge 2 NSFX King Of Ulster 1 SEX M 1 BIRT 2 DATE Abt 145 B.C. 2 PLAC of , Ulster Province, Ireland 1 DEAT Y 1 SOUR @S6@ 2 PAGE page 641 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID 473BB4CA564D4FC78225D8EE9CE447B5A293 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMS @F1358@ 1 FAMC @F1359@ 0 @I3515@ INDI 1 NAME Oilill /Mor/ 2 GIVN Oilill 2 SURN Mor 1 NAME /Mor/ 2 GIVN 2 SURN Mor 1 SEX M 1 DEAT Y 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID C247660B77F845F08391A98FEA59EBD169F4 1 SLGC 2 DATE cigiSubmitted 20 Apr 2005 (10) #3 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMC @F1357@ 0 @I3516@ INDI 1 NAME Caibre /Niafer/ 2 GIVN Caibre 2 SURN Niafer 1 NAME /Niafer/ 2 GIVN 2 SURN Niafer 1 SEX M 1 DEAT Y 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID 45BBAA00F9B8484FBAA05DB37928E4B1926E 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMC @F1357@ 0 @I3517@ INDI 1 NAME Lugaidh // 2 GIVN Lugaidh 1 SEX M 1 DEAT Y 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID F43EC67AF6AC4FB5B77A808ADC0B0CF238A2 1 SLGC 2 DATE cigiSubmitted 20 Apr 2005 (10) #3 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMC @F1357@ 0 @I3518@ INDI 1 NAME Alt // 2 GIVN Alt 1 SEX M 1 DEAT Y 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID 89ECC371E5BF4F9A9D3A8C59B664359DDECA 1 SLGC 2 DATE cigiSubmitted 20 Apr 2005 (10) #3 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMC @F1357@ 0 @I3519@ INDI 1 NAME Nuadhas The Snow White /Neacht/ 2 GIVN Nuadhas The Snow White 2 SURN Neacht 2 NPFX King Of Leinster 2 NSFX 96th Monarch of Ireland 1 NAME Nuadha Nect // 2 GIVN Nuadha Nect 2 SURN 1 NAME /Neacht/ 2 GIVN 2 SURN Neacht 2 NPFX King Of Leinster 2 NSFX 96th Monarch Of Ireland 1 SEX M 1 BIRT 2 DATE Bef 110 B.C. 2 PLAC , Leinster Province, Ireland 1 DEAT 2 DATE 109 B.C. 2 PLAC Battle of Cliach, Ui Drona, Barony Idrone, County Carlow, Leinster Province, Ireland 1 SOUR @S6@ 2 PAGE page 641 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID 53BB3F59D3C84B1EAB96EC77AE640AB21C8B 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMS @F1359@ 1 FAMC @F1360@ 1 NOTE @NI3519@ 0 @NI3519@ NOTE 1 CONC TITL The White 0 @I3520@ INDI 1 NAME Blaine // 2 GIVN Blaine 1 SEX F 1 DEAT Y 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID A1FBC333A2C5464389E13726FB581F36F10B 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMS @F1359@ 0 @I3521@ INDI 1 NAME Baoisgne // 2 GIVN Baoisgne 2 NSFX o'biscne 2 SOUR @S7@ 3 PAGE 484 3 QUAY 3 1 NAME // 2 GIVN 2 SURN 2 NSFX O'biscne 1 NAME Baeisgni // 2 GIVN Baeisgni 2 SURN 1 SEX M 1 DEAT Y 1 SOUR @S6@ 2 PAGE page 641 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID 1AD1E032574540728A7B62BEA05A31A6417B 1 SLGC 2 DATE cigiSubmitted 20 Apr 2005 (10) #1 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMC @F1359@ 1 NOTE @NI3521@ 0 @NI3521@ NOTE 1 CONC ...from whom descended Comhal, the father of Finn Mac Comha 1 CONC il, commonly called Fingal by the Anglo-Scotch 0 @I3522@ INDI 1 NAME Gnathaltach or Gnathallach // 2 GIVN Gnathaltach or Gnathallach 1 SEX M 1 DEAT Y 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID F4F1FB03EE7E4D5F8B12780335D6F79FB4C3 1 SLGC 2 DATE cigiSubmitted 20 Apr 2005 (10) #3 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMC @F1359@ 0 @I3523@ INDI 1 NAME Seadna or Sedna /Siothbhac/ 2 GIVN Seadna or Sedna 2 SURN Siothbhac 2 NSFX king of Leinster 2 SOUR @S7@ 3 PAGE 484 3 QUAY 3 1 NAME Sedna Sithbac // 2 GIVN Sedna Sithbac 2 SURN 1 NAME /Siothbhac/ 2 GIVN 2 SURN Siothbhac 2 NSFX King Of Leinster 1 SEX M 1 BIRT 2 DATE Abt 180 B.C. 2 PLAC , Leinster Province, Ireland 1 DEAT 2 PLAC of Rath Alinne 2 SOUR @S7@ 3 PAGE 484 3 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID C85BB57BA3FE444F893B530B9E69EBBD584B 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMS @F1360@ 1 FAMC @F1361@ 1 NOTE @NI3523@ 0 @NI3523@ NOTE 1 CONC Built royal city of Rath Alinne 0 @I3524@ INDI 1 NAME Luaghaide Luy or Lughaidh Luy /Liothfhionn/ 2 GIVN Luaghaide Luy or Lughaidh Luy 2 SURN Liothfhionn 2 NSFX king of Leinster 2 SOUR @S7@ 3 PAGE 484 3 QUAY 3 1 NAME /Liothfhionn/ 2 GIVN 2 SURN Liothfhionn 2 NSFX King of Leinster 1 SEX M 1 BIRT 2 DATE Abt 200 B.C. 2 PLAC of Barrow, Leinster Province, Ireland 1 DEAT 2 PLAC of Barrow, Leinster Province, Ireland 2 SOUR @S7@ 3 PAGE 484 3 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID F448C08394A74E9986B83C8B02D38F1B253A 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMS @F1361@ 1 FAMC @F1362@ 1 NOTE @NI3524@ 0 @NI3524@ NOTE 1 CONC Anscestor of the Kings, nobility, and gentry of Leinster, a 1 CONC ll territory on the north side of the river Bearbha now th 1 CONC e river Barrow, from Wicklow to Drogheda. 0 @I3525@ INDI 1 NAME Breassal /Breac/ 2 GIVN Breassal 2 SURN Breac 2 NSFX king of Leinster 2 SOUR @S7@ 3 PAGE 484 3 QUAY 3 1 NAME Bresal Brec // 2 GIVN Bresal Brec 2 SURN 1 NAME /Breac/ 2 GIVN 2 SURN Breac 2 NSFX king of Leinster 1 SEX M 1 BIRT 2 DATE Abt 220 B.C. 2 PLAC of Leinster Province, Ireland 1 DEAT Y 1 SOUR @S6@ 2 PAGE page 641 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID 043C853420E84C5B97BB851A7D7F5A94837F 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMS @F1362@ 1 FAMC @F1363@ 0 @I3526@ INDI 1 NAME Firacha Fobrug /Of Leinster/ 2 GIVN Firacha Fobrug 2 SURN Of Leinster 2 NSFX king of Leinster 2 SOUR @S7@ 3 PAGE 484 3 QUAY 3 1 NAME Fiacaidh Fobrec /Of Leinster/ 2 GIVN Fiacaidh Fobrec 2 SURN Of Leinster 2 NSFX King Of Leinster 1 SEX M 1 BIRT 2 DATE Abt 240 B.C. 2 PLAC of Leinster Province, Ireland 1 DEAT Y 1 SOUR @S6@ 2 PAGE page 641 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID 053F8309EA364806A50DD98B434B6BB805BB 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMS @F1363@ 1 FAMC @F11726@ 0 @I3527@ INDI 1 NAME Laoghaire Lorc or Laeghaire Lorc, The Fierce One /Of Leinster/ 2 GIVN Laoghaire Lorc or Laeghaire Lorc, The Fierce One 2 SURN Of Leinster 2 NPFX King Of Leinster 2 NSFX 68th Monarch of Ireland 2 SOUR @S7@ 3 PAGE 484 3 QUAY 3 1 NAME Laegari Lorc /Of Leinster/ 2 GIVN Laegari Lorc 2 SURN Of Leinster 2 NPFX King Of Leinster 2 NSFX 68th Monarch Of Ireland 1 SEX M 1 BIRT 2 DATE Abt 625 B.C. 2 PLAC of River Liffey, Leinster Province, Ireland 1 DEAT 2 DATE 591 B.C. 2 PLAC Carman, County Wexford, Leinster Province, Ireland 2 SOUR @S7@ 3 PAGE 484 3 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 EVEN 2 TYPE Notes 2 DATE 593 B.C. 2 PLAC , , , Ireland 2 SOUR @S7@ 3 PAGE 484 3 QUAY 3 1 _UID 55CA2174B48D4B47B8B165562D9F6127FFE1 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMC @F16727@ 1 NOTE @NI3527@ 0 @NI3527@ NOTE 1 CONC It is said he was assassinated by his brother Colethach Cao 1 CONC l-bhreagh. 0 @I3533@ INDI 1 NAME Milesius or Mileag Espaine or Hispania /Of Spain/ 2 GIVN Milesius or Mileag Espaine or Hispania 2 SURN Of Spain 2 NSFX king of Braganza Spain 2 SOUR @S7@ 3 PAGE 484 3 QUAY 3 1 NAME Galamh // 2 GIVN Galamh 2 SURN 1 NAME Gallamn or Golamh Scythian Spelling // 2 GIVN Gallamn or Golamh Scythian Spelling 2 SURN 1 NAME Milesius of Spain or Mileag Espaine or Hispania // 2 GIVN Milesius of Spain or Mileag Espaine or Hispania 2 SURN 2 NSFX King of Braganza Spain 2 SOUR @S7@ 3 PAGE 484 3 QUAY 3 1 NAME Misisius Galamb // 2 GIVN Misisius Galamb 2 SURN 1 NAME Milesius /King Of Ireland/ 2 GIVN Milesius 2 SURN King Of Ireland 2 NSFX A Quo Milesians 1 NAME /Of Spain/ 2 GIVN 2 SURN Of Spain 2 NSFX King Of Braganza Spain 1 SEX M 1 BIRT 2 PLAC Brigantia, Now Corunna, Galicia, Spain 2 SOUR @S7@ 3 PAGE 484 3 QUAY 3 1 DEAT 2 DATE Bef 1699 B.C. 2 PLAC Braganza, Spain 2 CAUS Died of pestilence that lasted one day 3 SOUR @S11@ 4 PAGE page35 4 QUAY 3 2 SOUR @S7@ 3 PAGE 484 3 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S9@ 2 PAGE 10 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S10@ 1 SOUR @S11@ 2 PAGE page35 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 RESI lived there three months 2 PLAC Taprobane Island 2 SOUR @S11@ 3 PAGE page35 3 QUAY 3 1 RESI lived there eight years 2 PLAC , , Egypt 2 SOUR @S11@ 3 PAGE page35 3 QUAY 3 1 RESI was there a month 2 PLAC Dacia 1 RESI lived there 30 years after leaving Egypt 2 PLAC , , Spain 2 SOUR @S11@ 3 PAGE page35 3 QUAY 3 1 _UID D605F15EA99C4EF68688F43F2CE4DCB69696 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE Biblical 2 FAMC @F16690@ 1 SLGC 2 DATE cigiSubmitted 20 Apr 2005 (10) #3 2 FAMC @F11603@ 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMS @F1407@ 1 FAMS @F1369@ 1 FAMC @F16690@ 1 FAMC @F11603@ 1 NOTE @NI3533@ 0 @NI3533@ NOTE 1 CONC The Gaelic Migration to Ireland 1 CONT 1 CONT "Researchers interested in tracing climatic changes of th 1 CONC e past tell us that in the 1,000's B.C. southern Europe suf 1 CONC fered a long, hot, dry climatic change. Irish tradition pla 1 CONC ces Mile in Spain during this period. The old records sa 1 CONC y that the heads of the Gaelic clans were called together a 1 CONC nd the seriousness of the situation discusses as many of th 1 CONC eir cattle were dying for lack of grass. A decision was rea 1 CONC ched that they should undertake a move to the "Green Island 1 CONC ." 1 CONT 1 CONT The Druids had predicted for several generations that the G 1 CONC aels would have a homeland on an island far to the west. T 1 CONC he trip wasn't as formidable as one would suspect. It's be 1 CONC lieved that the Phoenicians of the period made regular trad 1 CONC ing visits to Ireland and as far north as the Scandanavia 1 CONC n countries. A warm current flows north-west out of the Ba 1 CONC y of Biscay. Following this current, ships would pass sout 1 CONC h and west of Ireland. Skirting the coast of Spain and Fra 1 CONC nce as far as present day Brest, a ship could probably mak 1 CONC e the south coast of Ireland in four or five days from th 1 CONC e French coast. Nevertheless, it was not without the hazar 1 CONC d of adverse winds and occasional storms. 1 CONT 1 CONT While the planned move progressed, Mile died. In a meetin 1 CONC g the chielfs decided that Scota, wife of Mile, should lea 1 CONC d the invasion. Although Scota probably came from the settl 1 CONC ed culture, she had speedily adopted nomadic ways. The evid 1 CONC ence being her willingness to assume responsibilities reser 1 CONC ved only for men in most settled cultures. Nomadic women o 1 CONC ften assumed leadership, even in battle. 1 CONT 1 CONT The Milasians were a numerous host and a fleet of ships wa 1 CONC s required to transport them and their chattel. As the exp 1 CONC idition approached the Irish shore, turbulent wind and wave 1 CONC s beset the armada. The old texts give credit to the Druid 1 CONC s of the Tuatha de Danann in hampering their landing. Wha 1 CONC t ever the cause, many people and goods were lost. Once o 1 CONC n shore, the Gaels were attacked in force by the Tuatha d 1 CONC e Danann. Queen Scota was killed in this battle. The Gael 1 CONC s were fierce and determined fighters, eventually gaining v 1 CONC ictory over the Tuatha. In making peace after the battle 1 CONC , the Tuatha agreed to live in the underground shelters whi 1 CONC ch they normally occupied in winter. The surface land wa 1 CONC s to belong to the Gaels. This arrangement gave rise to th 1 CONC e stories of "the little people" of Ireland. 1 CONT 1 CONT Only three of Mile's sons survived the landing. They wer 1 CONC e HEREMON, HEBER and IR, along with LUGHAID, son of their u 1 CONC ncle ITH. The gaels held council and divided Ireland betwe 1 CONC en them. Heremon chose the Northern half, a portion of whi 1 CONC ch was granted to his brother IR. The southern half of th 1 CONC e island went to Heber. He in turn, granted the southwes 1 CONC t corner of his territory to his cousin Lughaid. The artis 1 CONC ans who came with them from Spain were divided equally betw 1 CONC een the north and south. 1 CONT 1 CONT In Spain, genealogies were determined by a father/son relat 1 CONC ionship. Wave and war had so disrupted the community tha 1 CONC t an additional form of relationahip was devised. From th 1 CONC e Migration forward, a genealogical relationship to a kin 1 CONC g could be established by living for a time in a particula 1 CONC r king's territory." pp. I-14 thru I-16, A Guide to Irish R 1 CONC oots, by William and Mary Durning. 1 CONT 1 CONT Milesius, in his youth and during his father's lifetime, we 1 CONC hnt into Scythia, where he was kindly received by the kin 1 CONC g of that contry, who gave him his daughter in marriage, an 1 CONC d appointed him General of his forces. In this capacity Mi 1 CONC lesius defeated the king's enemies, gained much fame, and t 1 CONC he love of the king's subjects. His growing greatness an 1 CONC d popularity excited against him the jealousy of the king 1 CONC ; who, fearing the worst, resolved on privately despatchin 1 CONC g Milesius out of the way, for, openly, he dare not attemp 1 CONC t it. Admonished of the king's intentions in his regard, M 1 CONC ilesius slew him; and thereupon quitted Scythia and retire 1 CONC d to Egypt with a fleet of sixty sail. Pharaoh Nectonibus 1 CONC , then King of Egypt, being informed of his arrival and o 1 CONC f his great valour, wisdom, and conduct in arms, made him G 1 CONC eneral of all his forces against the king of Ethiopia the 1 CONC n invading his country. here, as in Scythia, milesius wa 1 CONC s victorious; he forced the enemy to submit to the conquero 1 CONC r's own terms of peace. By these exploits Milesius found g 1 CONC reat favour with Pharaoh, who gave him, being then a widowe 1 CONC r, his daughter Scota in marriage; and kept him eight year 1 CONC s afterwards in Egypt. 1 CONT 1 CONT During the sojourn of Milesius in Egypt, he employed the mo 1 CONC st ingenious and able persons among his people to be instru 1 CONC cted in the several trades, arts, and sciences used in Egpt 1 CONC ; in order to have them taught to the rest of his people o 1 CONC n his return to Spain. 1 CONT 1 CONT The original name Milesius of Spain was, as already mention 1 CONC ed, "Galamh" (gall: Irish, a stranger; amh, a negative affi 1 CONC x), which means no stranger: meaning that he was no strange 1 CONC r in Egypt, where he was called "Milethea Spaine, " which a 1 CONC fterwards contracted to "Mile Spaine" (meaning the Spainis 1 CONC h Hero), and finally to "Milesius" (mileadh: Irish, a hero 1 CONC ; Latin miles, a soldier). 1 CONT 1 CONT At length Milesius took leave of his father-in-law, and ste 1 CONC ered towards Spain; where he arrived to the great joy and c 1 CONC omfort of his people; who were much harassed by the rebelli 1 CONC on of the natives and by the intrusion of other foreign nat 1 CONC ions that forced in after his father's death, and during hi 1 CONC s long absence from Spain. With these and those he often m 1 CONC et; and, in fifty-four battles, victoriously fought, he rou 1 CONC ted, destroyed, and totally extirpated then out of the coun 1 CONC try, which he settled in peace and quietness. 1 CONT 1 CONT In his reign a great dearth and famine occurred in Spain, o 1 CONC f twenty six yearss' continuance, occasioned, as well by re 1 CONC ason of the former troubles which hindered the people fro 1 CONC m cultivating and manuring the ground, as for want of rai 1 CONC n to moisten the earth; but Milesius superstitiously believ 1 CONC ed the famine to have fallen upon him and his people as a j 1 CONC udgement and punishment from the gods, for their negligenc 1 CONC e in seeking out the country destined for their final abode 1 CONC , so long before foretold by Cachear their Druid or magicia 1 CONC n, as already mentioned--the time limited by the prophecy f 1 CONC or the accomplishment thereof being now nearly, if not full 1 CONC y, expired. To expiate his fault and to comply with the wi 1 CONC ll of the gods, Milesius, with the general approbation of h 1 CONC is people, sent his uncle Ithe, with his son Lughaidh [Luy] 1 CONC , and one hundred and fifty stout men to bring them an acco 1 CONC unt of those western islands; who according, arriving at th 1 CONC e island since then called Ireland, and landing in that par 1 CONC t of it now called Munster, left his son with fifty of hi 1 CONC s men to guard the ship, and with the rest travelled abou 1 CONC t the island. Informed, among other things, that the thre 1 CONC e sons of Cearmad, called Mac-Cuill, Mac Ceacht, and Mac Gr 1 CONC eine, did then and for thirty years before rule and gover 1 CONC n the island, each for one year, in his turn; and that th 1 CONC e country was called after the names of the three queens--E 1 CONC ire, Fodhla, and Banbha, respectively: one year called "Eir 1 CONC e, " the next "Fodhla, " and the next "Banbha..," as thei 1 CONC r husbands reigned in their regular turns; by which names t 1 CONC he island is ever since indifferently called, but most comm 1 CONC only "Eire, " because that Mac Cuill, the husband of Eire 1 CONC , ruled and governed the country in his turn the year the C 1 CONC lan-na-Mile (or the sons of Milesius) arrived and conquere 1 CONC d Ireland. And being further informed that the three broth 1 CONC ers were then at their palace at Aileach Neid, in the nort 1 CONC h part of the country, engaged in the settlement of some di 1 CONC sputes concerning their family jewels, Ithe directed his co 1 CONC urse thither; sending orders to his son to sail about wit 1 CONC h his ship and the rest of his men, and meet him there. 1 CONT ----------------------------------------------------------- 1 CONC ------------------------------------------ 1 CONT 1 CONT "Spain was first peopled after the Deluge by the descendant 1 CONC s of Iber who were called Iberes and Iberi; the country, Ib 1 CONC eria; and its chief river, Ebro. The Phoenicians in the ea 1 CONC rly ages settled in Iberia, and gave it the name of Spania 1 CONC , from "Span," which, in their language, signified a rabbit 1 CONC --as the place abounded in rabbits; by the Romans the count 1 CONC ry was called Hispania; and by the Spaniards, Espana, whic 1 CONC h had been anglicised Spain." O Hart vol. 1. page 13-16 1 CONT 1 CONT "So careful, however, were the Milesian colonists of thei 1 CONC r genealogies, that they maintained a clas of men to recor 1 CONC d and preserve them; for, with them a man's right of inheri 1 CONC tance to property depended on his genealogy, except where " 1 CONC might" tok the place of "right". O Hart vol.1 page 17. 0 @I3534@ INDI 1 NAME Scota /Of Egypt/ 2 GIVN Scota 2 SURN Of Egypt 2 NSFX princess of Egypt 1 NAME // 2 GIVN 2 SURN 2 NPFX Princess 1 SEX F 1 BIRT 2 PLAC , , Egypt 1 DEAT 2 DATE 1699 B.C. 2 PLAC Sliabh Mis, Clahane Townland, Annagh Parish, Troughanacmy Barony, County Kerry, Munster Province, Ireland 2 SOUR @S12@ 3 PAGE 752 3 QUAY 3 1 BURI 2 PLAC Clahane Townland, Annagh Parish, Troughanacmy Barony, County Kerry, Munster Province, Ireland 1 SOUR @S11@ 2 PAGE page35 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID 5DA63EBBEB6E45D0A7B147489BBF73CCEAA9 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMS @F1369@ 1 FAMC @F22617@ 1 NOTE @NI3534@ 1 NOTE @HI3534@ 0 @NI3534@ NOTE 1 CONC There is a ledgend that the origin of the Stone of Destin 1 CONC y used in Scotland until the reign of Edward I when we brou 1 CONC ght the stone back to England as a treasure of war for th 1 CONC e English Kings to use during their correnation was origion 1 CONC ally brought to Scotland by Scota, daughter of Pharaoh. I 1 CONC t was said that Moses had prophesied that whoever bore tha 1 CONC t stone with him should bring broad lands under the yolk o 1 CONC f his lordship. Whence from Scota the land is called Scotl 1 CONC and which was formerly called Alba or Albany from Albanactu 1 CONC s. 0 @HI3534@ NOTE 1 CONC (Research):The link between the Irish Pharoah and the Egypt 1 CONC ian one is for research purposes only this still needs to b 1 CONC e proven. 0 @I3536@ INDI 1 NAME Heber Fionn or Emher or Ever "the White" // 2 GIVN Heber Fionn or Emher or Ever "the White" 2 NPFX Ardrigh 2 NSFX 1st Monarch of Ireland, king of Munster 2 SOUR @S7@ 3 PAGE 484 3 QUAY 3 2 SOUR @S12@ 3 PAGE 752 3 QUAY 3 1 NAME Don Aireach Heber Fionn Amergin Ir Copla Heremon // 2 GIVN Don Aireach Heber Fionn Amergin Ir Copla Heremon 2 SURN 1 NAME /Fionn/ 2 GIVN 2 SURN Fionn 2 NPFX King Of Munster 2 NSFX 1st Monarch Of Ireland 1 SEX M 1 BIRT 2 PLAC , , Egypt 2 SOUR @S11@ 3 PAGE page35 3 QUAY 3 1 DEAT 2 DATE 1698 B.C. 2 PLAC Ballintogher Townland, Geisill Parish, Geisill Barony, King's, Now Offaly, Leinster Province, Ireland 2 CAUS Killed by Heremon 2 SOUR @S7@ 3 PAGE 484 3 QUAY 3 1 BURI 2 PLAC Ballintogher Townland, Geisill Parish, Geisill Barony, King's, Now Offaly, Leinster Province, Ireland 1 SOUR @S10@ 1 SOUR @S11@ 2 PAGE page35 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 RESI 2 DATE 1699 B. C. 2 PLAC , , , Ireland 2 SOUR @S7@ 3 PAGE 484 3 QUAY 3 1 EVEN 2 TYPE Alt Death 2 PLAC Argedros, , Ireland 2 SOUR @S11@ 3 PAGE page 36 3 QUAY 3 1 _UID F78EDE7892C343B0BA539187903C4CBF1F6E 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMC @F1369@ 1 NOTE @NI3536@ 0 @NI3536@ NOTE 1 CONC Milesius became the chief of the colony in his turn. He de 1 CONC termined to visit the country of his ancestors, Scythia. H 1 CONC e was gladly received and hospitably entertained by his kin 1 CONC sman Riffloir, the reigning prince, who was well aware tha 1 CONC t he and Milesius were descended from the two sons of Feniu 1 CONC s Farse; Riffloir being descended from Nenual the elder, an 1 CONC d Milesius from Nial the second son. Riffloir made Milesiu 1 CONC s his General-in-chief and Prime Minister, and gave him hi 1 CONC s daughter Seaug to wife, by whom he had two sons, Donn an 1 CONC d Aireach. His wife dying soon afterwards, he conducted hi 1 CONC s followers into Egypt, where Pharaoh Nectonebus, recognizi 1 CONC ng the ability of the great general and warrior, gave him t 1 CONC he chief command of his army, Pharaoh being then engaged i 1 CONC n war with the Ethiopians. He carried the war to a success 1 CONC ful end, and as a reward was given Scota, Pharaoh's daughte 1 CONC r, as his wife; two sons were born to him in Egypt, Heber F 1 CONC ionn and Amhergin. He now set out, determined to return t 1 CONC o his kingdom and colony in Spain, and set out, first howev 1 CONC er, having twelve of his young followers instructed in al 1 CONC l the learning of the Egyptians, that they in turn might te 1 CONC ach their countrymen in Spain. He remained in Egypt seve 1 CONC n years, and on his way to Spain landed at Irene, Greece, w 1 CONC here his son Ir was born. On the voyage from there to Spai 1 CONC n, another son, Colpa, was born, and in Spain two more, Ara 1 CONC nann and Heremon. 1 CONT 1 CONT Heber and Amhergin also escaped with their mother Scota, an 1 CONC d Lugadh, son of Ith, and landed at Inver Skeiry, now Bantr 1 CONC y, Kerry County, Ireland. heber fought the battle of Sliev 1 CONC e Mish, with his followers, against the inhabitants, who we 1 CONC re called the Tuatha de Danains, and were commanded by th 1 CONC e Princesse Eire and defeated them. The place is now cale 1 CONC d the Barony of Tuchanaimy in kerry. In the battle Scota w 1 CONC as slain, and was buried at Glean Scoithin, where her grav 1 CONC e is still shown. heber advanced north, where he united wi 1 CONC th the army under his brother Heremon, and together they ga 1 CONC ve battle the three princes of the Tuatha de Danains, who w 1 CONC ere all slain. These two princes completed the conquest o 1 CONC f the country and divided it between them. Heremon obtaine 1 CONC d Leinster, Heber Munster, Heber Donn the son of Ir, th 1 CONC e ancestor of the Clanna Rorys, the Kingdom of Ulster, an 1 CONC d Lugadh, son of Ith, had conferred upon him the sovereignt 1 CONC y of Corca Luidh. Heremon was married to Thea, daughter o 1 CONC f Lugadh. heber was induced by his wife to quarrel with hi 1 CONC s brother Heremon, with whom he went to war, and fought th 1 CONC e Battle of Geisiol, where the latter slew him. 0 @I3537@ INDI 1 NAME Amergin or Amhergin /Gluingeal/ 2 GIVN Amergin or Amhergin 2 SURN Gluingeal 1 NAME /Gluingeal/ 2 GIVN 2 SURN Gluingeal 1 SEX M 1 BIRT 2 PLAC , , Egypt 1 DEAT 2 DATE Aft 1699 B.C. 2 PLAC Bile-Tineadh, Now Coill A Bhile, Billywood, Moynalty Parish, Lower Kells Barony, County Meath, Leinster Province, Ireland 2 SOUR @S12@ 3 PAGE 752 3 QUAY 3 1 BURI 2 PLAC Bile-Tineadh, Now Coill A Bhile, Billywood, Moynalty Parish, Lower Kells Barony, County Meath, Leinster Province, Ireland 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID 16BE348C7A0746F3BF1B1A3A27B95C550D09 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMC @F1369@ 0 @I3538@ INDI 1 NAME Ir /Of Irene/ 2 GIVN Ir 2 SURN Of Irene 1 NAME /Of Irene/ 2 GIVN 2 SURN Of Irene 1 SEX M 1 BIRT 2 PLAC Irene, Greece 1 DEAT 2 DATE 1700 B.C. 2 PLAC Scellig-Mhicheal Island, off the Kerry coast, County Kerry, Munster Province, Ireland 2 NOTE @DI3538@ 1 SOUR @S11@ 2 PAGE page35 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID 40725BBFB90C4BA6A3EC40CC7298EF819746 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMC @F1369@ 1 NOTE @NI3538@ 0 @NI3538@ NOTE 1 CONC "This Prince was one of the chief leaders of the expeditio 1 CONC n undertaken for the conquest of Erinn, but was doomed neve 1 CONC r to set foot on the "Sacred Isle;" a violent storm scatter 1 CONC ed the fleet as it was coasting around the island in searc 1 CONC h of a landing place, the vessel commanded by him was separ 1 CONC ated from the great fleet and driven upon the island sinc 1 CONC e called Scellig-Mhicheal, off the Kerry coast, where it sp 1 CONC lit on a rock and sank with all on board, B.C. 1700." O Har 1 CONC t vol.1 page 300. 0 @DI3538@ NOTE 1 CONC died off coast of Ireland in storm 0 @I3539@ INDI 1 NAME Copla // 2 GIVN Copla 1 SEX M 1 BIRT 2 PLAC At Sea, Mediterranean Sea 1 DEAT 2 PLAC Inver Colpa, near Drogheda, Ireland 1 SOUR @S9@ 2 PAGE 10 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID 3DA768C2626A48A0B40F90CADEFDA86CCE3F 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMC @F1369@ 0 @I3543@ INDI 1 NAME Ith or Ithe // 2 GIVN Ith or Ithe 1 SEX M 1 DEAT 2 PLAC Plane of Ithe, Raphoe Barony, County Donegal, Ulster Province, Ireland 1 BURI 2 PLAC Braganza, Spain 1 SOUR @S6@ 2 PAGE pg 274 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S9@ 2 PAGE 10 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID D0A13B46C86F45888DD659D3A5E847C51EEC 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMC @F11674@ 0 @I3544@ INDI 1 NAME Guala or Cuala // 2 GIVN Guala or Cuala 1 SEX U 1 BIRT 2 PLAC Braganza, Spain 1 DEAT Y 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID 561A80F994894E1F999D295DA225B03BE1ED 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMC @F11674@ 0 @I3545@ INDI 1 NAME Blath // 2 GIVN Blath 1 SEX M 1 BIRT 2 PLAC Braganza, Spain 1 DEAT Y 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID 5374F4EB61FF42CB885C7EF483274EBB1CCF 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMC @F11674@ 0 @I3546@ INDI 1 NAME Aibhle // 2 GIVN Aibhle 1 SEX M 1 BIRT 2 PLAC Braganza, Spain 1 DEAT Y 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID 3BEE2547D41B4DA69A89DFCDE2D87071E15F 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMC @F11674@ 0 @I3547@ INDI 1 NAME Nar or Nac // 2 GIVN Nar or Nac 1 SEX M 1 BIRT 2 PLAC Braganza, Spain 1 DEAT Y 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID 476D448FAFD74416A346BBC68C4633EFC546 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMC @F11674@ 0 @I3548@ INDI 1 NAME Fuid or Faad // 2 GIVN Fuid or Faad 1 SEX M 1 BIRT 2 PLAC Braganza, Spain 1 DEAT Y 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID 9CB5332897334EC4A6B0CA83F0E59451E595 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMC @F11674@ 0 @I3549@ INDI 1 NAME Breaga // 2 GIVN Breaga 1 SEX U 1 BIRT 2 PLAC Braganza, Spain 1 DEAT Y 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID C5AA7CFC41D24B349EED8E7F9244FC331627 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMC @F11674@ 0 @I3550@ INDI 1 NAME Muirtheime or Muirtheamme // 2 GIVN Muirtheime or Muirtheamme 1 SEX M 1 BIRT 2 PLAC Braganza, Spain 1 DEAT Y 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID 5D5F5759C9454D8381BC4C4E4550E61BB70D 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMC @F11674@ 0 @I3560@ INDI 1 NAME Elliod Adnoion // 2 GIVN Elliod Adnoion 1 SEX M 1 BIRT 2 PLAC of North Africa 1 DEAT Y 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID 2331A99484914F8083B98C347D4EADBDA63A 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMC @F20106@ 0 @I3561@ INDI 1 NAME Lamfglas /Oy Cyrene/ 2 GIVN Lamfglas 2 SURN Oy Cyrene 1 SEX M 1 BIRT 2 PLAC of Cyrene, now, Shahhat, Libya 1 DEAT Y 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID 2D2A3CC3268C43458C31521F8237483DFC04 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMC @F20106@ 0 @I3562@ INDI 1 NAME Tat or Tait // 2 GIVN Tat or Tait 2 NSFX one With God, king of Scythia 2 SOUR @S13@ 3 PAGE p 338 3 QUAY 0 2 SOUR @S6@ 3 PAGE pg 49 3 QUAY 3 1 NAME // 2 GIVN 2 SURN 2 NSFX One With God, King of Scythia 1 NAME Fait // 2 GIVN Fait 2 SURN 1 NAME Tath, King Of Scythia // 2 GIVN Tath, King Of Scythia 2 SURN 1 SEX M 1 BIRT 2 PLAC Scythia, Now near Ryzanovka, Ukraine 2 SOUR @S6@ 3 PAGE pg 49 3 QUAY 3 1 DEAT Y 1 SOUR @S10@ 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID 5DC762E97B3243A5A134D3300719256B8C71 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMC @F11602@ 0 @I3564@ INDI 1 NAME Beogaman or Boamhain or Beouman or Beman // 2 GIVN Beogaman or Boamhain or Beouman or Beman 2 NSFX king of Scythia 1 NAME // 2 GIVN 2 SURN 2 NSFX King of Scythia 1 NAME Beogamhan // 2 GIVN Beogamhan 2 SURN 2 NSFX King Of Scythia 1 SEX M 1 BIRT 2 PLAC Scythia, Now near Ryzanovka, Ukraine 1 DEAT Y 1 SOUR @S6@ 2 PAGE pg 49 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S10@ 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID 163D8262D8CD4997B1E0B18CC685FF5428A4 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMS @F9881@ 1 FAMC @F1385@ 0 @I3565@ INDI 1 NAME Heber or Eber /Scott/ 2 GIVN Heber or Eber 2 SURN Scott 2 NSFX king of Crete and Scythia 1 NAME Eber Scut // 2 GIVN Eber Scut 2 SURN 1 NAME Eibhear Scot // 2 GIVN Eibhear Scot 2 SURN 1 NAME Herbertseot // 2 GIVN Herbertseot 2 SURN 1 NAME /Scott/ 2 GIVN 2 SURN Scott 2 NSFX King Of Crete and Scythia 1 SEX M 1 BIRT 2 PLAC Campus Cyrunt, Egypt 1 DEAT 2 PLAC Scythia, Now near Ryzanovka, Ukraine 2 CAUS Slain in battle by Noemus 1 SOUR @S6@ 2 PAGE page 49 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S10@ 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID 884449C7468944399BB633D0E8114AAB6A8F 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMS @F1385@ 1 FAMC @F1386@ 0 @I3566@ INDI 1 NAME Sruth or Sru or Sur or Srue // 2 GIVN Sruth or Sru or Sur or Srue 2 NSFX king 2 SOUR @S3@ 3 PAGE 20 3 QUAY 3 1 NAME // 2 GIVN 2 SURN 2 NSFX King 1 NAME Syu // 2 GIVN Syu 2 SURN 1 SEX M 1 BIRT 2 DATE 1250 B.C. 2 PLAC Campus Cyrunt, Egypt 1 DEAT 2 PLAC Isle of Crete, Greece 1 SOUR @S6@ 2 PAGE page 49 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S10@ 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID A624EBC28F57469095BEEEE0E61C1AD54530 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMS @F1386@ 1 FAMC @F1387@ 1 NOTE @NI3566@ 0 @NI3566@ NOTE 1 CONC Sruth, soon after his father's death, was set upon by the E 1 CONC gyptians, on acount of their former animosities towards the 1 CONC ir predecesors for having taken part with the Israelites ag 1 CONC ainst them; which animosities until they lay raked up in th 1 CONC e embers, and now broke out in a flame to that degre, tha 1 CONC t after many batles and conflicts, wherein most of his colo 1 CONC ny lost their lives; Sruth was forced with a few remainin 1 CONC g to depart the country; and, after many traverses at sea 1 CONC , arived at the Island of Creta (now caled Candia), where h 1 CONC e paid his last tribute to nature." O Hart vol.1 page 49. 0 @I3567@ INDI 1 NAME Asruth or Esru or Easru or Easur or Essrue // 2 GIVN Asruth or Esru or Easru or Easur or Essrue 2 NSFX king 2 SOUR @S3@ 3 PAGE 20 3 QUAY 3 1 NAME // 2 GIVN 2 SURN 2 NSFX King 1 SEX M 1 BIRT 2 PLAC Campus Cyrunt, Egypt 1 DEAT 2 PLAC Campus Cyrunt, Egypt 1 SOUR @S6@ 2 PAGE page 49 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S10@ 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID 71F25E686B0C49A78FFBAA0FC99A53D15AF0 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMS @F1387@ 1 FAMC @F1388@ 0 @I3568@ INDI 1 NAME Gadel or Gadhol or Gaodhal or Gathelus or Gael /Glas/ 2 GIVN Gadel or Gadhol or Gaodhal or Gathelus or Gael 2 SURN Glas 2 NPFX King 2 NSFX father of the Gadelians 2 SOUR @S3@ 3 PAGE 20 3 QUAY 3 1 NAME // 2 GIVN 2 SURN 2 NSFX Clann-na-Gaodhail or the Gaels 1 NAME Gaodhal // 2 GIVN Gaodhal 2 SURN 2 NSFX means Lover of Learning 1 NAME Glas // 2 GIVN Glas 2 SURN 2 NSFX Green Necked 1 NAME Graedah or Progenitor Of Gaels // 2 GIVN Graedah or Progenitor Of Gaels 2 SURN 1 NAME /Glas/ 2 GIVN 2 SURN Glas 2 NPFX King 1 SEX M 1 BIRT 2 DATE 1570 B.C. 2 PLAC Capacyront, Campus Cyrunt, Egypt 1 DEAT 2 PLAC Campus Cyrunt, Egypt 1 SOUR @S6@ 2 PAGE page 48 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S10@ 1 SOUR @S9@ 2 PAGE 10 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 EVEN a quo Clanna 2 TYPE Namesake 1 EVEN 2 TYPE Birth 2 DATE a contemporary of Moses 1 _UID 05C2598102284A4C996B049EBA47313D76B8 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMS @F1388@ 1 FAMC @F1406@ 1 NOTE @NI3568@ 0 @NI3568@ NOTE 1 CONC Inishowen its History, Traditions and Antiquites by Maghtoc 1 CONC hair, published by Mrs. Peggy Simpson 20 Jul, 1867, page 10. 0 @I3569@ INDI 1 NAME Scota // 2 GIVN Scota 2 NPFX Princess 1 NAME // 2 GIVN 2 SURN 2 NPFX Princess 1 SEX F 1 BIRT 2 PLAC , , Egypt 1 DEAT 2 PLAC , , Egypt 1 SOUR @S6@ 2 PAGE page 48 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S9@ 2 PAGE 10 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID 34863757A0034467AF8CCD90AB5958EE78AE 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMS @F1406@ 1 FAMC @F22619@ 1 NOTE @NI3569@ 0 @NI3569@ NOTE 1 CONC TITL Princess 0 @I3570@ INDI 1 NAME Niall or Niul or Neale // 2 GIVN Niall or Niul or Neale 2 NPFX King Of Scythia 2 NSFX of The Languages 2 SOUR @S3@ 3 PAGE 20 3 QUAY 3 1 NAME // 2 GIVN 2 SURN 2 NPFX King Of Scythia 2 NSFX Of The Languages 1 NAME Nenual // 2 GIVN Nenual 2 SURN 2 NPFX King Of Scythia 1 SEX M 1 BIRT 2 DATE 1650 B.C. 2 PLAC Scythia, Now near Ryzanovka, Ukraine 1 DEAT 2 PLAC of Campus Cyrunt, Egypt 1 SOUR @S6@ 2 PAGE page 48 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S10@ 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 EVEN 2 TYPE living 2 NOTE Opened a schol in the Valey of Shinar, near the city of Aeo 3 CONC thena with his father. On acount of Niul's great reputatio 3 CONC n for learning, Pharaoh invited him to Egypt; gave him th 3 CONC e land of Campus Cyrunt, near the Red Sea, to inhabit; an 3 CONC d his daughter Scota in mariage. O Hart vol.1, page 30 1 _UID F3249A91A09D405C8D06654B74E5671D3BE1 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMS @F1406@ 1 FAMC @F11762@ 1 NOTE @NI3570@ 0 @NI3570@ NOTE 1 CONC Inishowen its History, Traditions and Antiquites by Maghtoc 1 CONC hair, published by Mrs. Peggy Simpson 20 Jul, 1867, page 9. 1 CONT 1 CONT 1 CONT He was sent by his father to the African coast at the reque 1 CONC st of the Egyptians. He was to found a language school fo 1 CONC r their mariners. he bacame the ancestor of the Gaels wh 1 CONC o eventually found their way to ireland. 1 CONT 1 CONT Source Tottens "old Irish Genealogies and 1 Chr 2:6 1 CONT 1 CONT "Nial journeyed into Egypt, where he was united in marriag 1 CONC e to Scota, daughter of Pharaho Cincris, the King of the co 1 CONC untry. He had a son Gaodhal, of whom it is related that (a 1 CONC t or about the time of Moses was preparing to conduct the C 1 CONC hildren of Israel out of Egypt) he was bitten by a serpen 1 CONC t and cured by a touch of the wand in the hands of that gre 1 CONC at prophet, who then foretold to him that his descendants s 1 CONC hould inhabit an island where there were no serpents, nor a 1 CONC ny other noxious reptiles. This is actually true of Cret 1 CONC e and Ireland, of which his descendants were, and are now i 1 CONC nhabitants of the latter. After Moses cured the wound, th 1 CONC e scar always remained green, from which circumstance Gaodh 1 CONC al received the surname of Glas, which means green, and com 1 CONC bining the names Gadelas, which gave his descendants the di 1 CONC stinctive name of Gadelians. This circumstance is kept i 1 CONC n rememberence by the armonial bearings of many families o 1 CONC f Ireland. In the third generation from Gaodhal, his poste 1 CONC rity became very numerous and excited the jealousy of the E 1 CONC gyptians, who drove them out of their country, under the le 1 CONC adership of Sur, son of Easur, son of Gaodhal, and in the t 1 CONC ime of Pharaoh en Tine. The Gadelians, under Sur, journeye 1 CONC d to the Island of Crete, where they landed and establishe 1 CONC d themselves, and Sur died. Heber Scot, his son, succeede 1 CONC d him as leader and govenor." Melesian Families of Irelan 1 CONC d edited by Heraldic Artists limited, 1968 page 11, publish 1 CONC ed by same - no city given. 1 CONT 1 CONT 1 CONT had a descendent Riffoir ruler or Scythia when Milesius cam 1 CONC e to visit from Spain. 1 CONT 1 CONT 1 CONT ------- 1 CONT 1 CONT "It was this Niul that employed Gaodhal [Gael], son of Etho 1 CONC r, a learned and skillful man, to compose or rather refin 1 CONC e and adorn the language, called Bearia Tobbai, which was c 1 CONC ommon to all Nuil's postarity, and afterwards called Gaodhl 1 CONC ig (or Gaelic), from the said Gaodhal who composed or refin 1 CONC ed it; and for his sake also Niul called his own eldest so 1 CONC n "Gaodhal." O Hart Vol. 1 page 48 1 CONT had a descendent Riffoir ruler or Scythia when Milesius cam 1 CONC e to visit from Spain. 0 @I3581@ INDI 1 NAME Methuselah or Mattushalakh or Mathusalam /Ben Enoch/ 2 GIVN Methuselah or Mattushalakh or Mathusalam 2 SURN Ben Enoch 2 NSFX man of The Dart/Light Spear 2 SOUR @S13@ 3 PAGE Chart 1843 p. 401 3 QUAY 0 3 DATA 4 TEXT Methuselah (Ubar-Tutut in Akkad, Ubardudu in Sumer, Enmennu 5 CONC nna to the Kishites, Technites in Greece, Sa-nekhet in Egyp 5 CONC t), s of Enoch (Akhnukh), no mother 2 SOUR @S17@ 3 DATA 4 TEXT Methuselah 2 SOUR @S15@ 3 PAGE 1 Chronicles chapter one 3 QUAY 3 1 NAME Mathusalem // 2 GIVN Mathusalem 2 SURN 1 NAME /Ben Enoch/ 2 GIVN 2 SURN Ben Enoch 2 NSFX Man Of The Dart/Light Spear 1 SEX M 1 BIRT 2 DATE 3313 B.C. 2 SOUR @S13@ 3 PAGE Chart 1843 p. 401 3 QUAY 0 1 DEAT 2 DATE 2344 B.C. 2 SOUR @S13@ 3 PAGE Chart 1843 p. 401 3 QUAY 0 1 SOUR @S14@ 2 PAGE 71 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S10@ 1 SOUR @S6@ 2 PAGE page 42 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S3@ 2 PAGE 10-11 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S15@ 2 PAGE St Luke 3:1-38 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S16@ 2 PAGE 32 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S15@ 2 PAGE Genesis 5:27 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 EVEN 2 TYPE Notes 2 NOTE and autobiography of Edmund Bohun, 1853 Royal Genealogie 3 CONC s of Magna Carte Barons 1 EVEN 2 TYPE Notes 2 NOTE Genesis, Chapter 5: Methuselah begat Lamech at age of 187 a 3 CONC nd died at age of 969 1 EVEN 2 TYPE Notes 2 NOTE 23-38 spells name "Mathusala" 1 _UID 7DA36388C9554DC1A5E24C98A568EF6D0BBA 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMS @F46317@ 1 FAMC @F16715@ 1 NOTE @NI3581@ 0 @NI3581@ NOTE 1 CONC Birth Genesis 5:2, Death (oldest man ever recorded) Genesi 1 CONC s 5:27, Methuselah died the year of the Flood after livin 1 CONC g 969 years. 1 CONT 1 CONT Jubilees 4:27 "Methuselah took unto himself a wife, Edna .. 1 CONC . the daughter of his father's brother," Jubilees 4:27 ".. 1 CONC . the daughter of Azrial" 0 @I3585@ INDI 1 NAME Cainan or Canein or Kenan // 2 GIVN Cainan or Canein or Kenan 2 SOUR @S13@ 3 PAGE Chart 1844, p 402 3 QUAY 0 3 DATA 4 TEXT Canaan (Ushumgalanna in Akkad, Enmengaluanna in Sumer, Zuka 5 CONC kipu in Kish, Cassius in Greece, Ka-Sen, Kenkennes in Egypt 5 CONC ), s of Enos (Yanish), no mother 2 SOUR @S17@ 3 DATA 4 TEXT Cainan 2 SOUR @S15@ 3 PAGE 1 Chronicles chapter one 3 QUAY 3 1 SEX M 1 BIRT 2 DATE 3675 B.C. 2 SOUR @S13@ 3 PAGE Chart 1844, p 402 3 QUAY 0 1 DEAT 2 DATE 2765 B.C. 2 SOUR @S13@ 3 PAGE Chart 1844, p 402 3 QUAY 0 1 SOUR @S14@ 2 PAGE 71 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S10@ 1 SOUR @S6@ 2 PAGE page 42 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S3@ 2 PAGE 10-11 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S15@ 2 PAGE St Luke 3:1-38 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S15@ 2 PAGE 1 Chronicals 1:2 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S16@ 2 PAGE 32 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 EVEN 2 TYPE Notes 2 NOTE and autobiography of Edmund Bohun, 1853 Royal Genealogie 3 CONC s of Magna Carte Barons 1 EVEN 2 TYPE Notes 2 NOTE Genesis, Chapter 5: Cainan begat Mahalaleel when he was 7 3 CONC 0 years old and died at age of 910 1 _UID 8B952E1C46C94C1482569B4B1610EE41EC1A 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMS @F46321@ 1 FAMC @F11639@ 1 NOTE @NI3585@ 0 @NI3585@ NOTE 1 CONC Cainan, a name derivation of Kenan, means peace with Cain. 1 CONT 1 CONT Birth Genesis 5:9 and Death Genisis 5:14 0 @I3587@ INDI 1 NAME Seth or Sheth /Ben Adam/ 2 GIVN Seth or Sheth 2 SURN Ben Adam 2 SOUR @S13@ 3 PAGE Chart 1844, p 402 3 QUAY 0 3 DATA 4 TEXT Seth (Alagar in Sumer, tab-ba in Kish, Genus in Greece, 'Ab 5 CONC a Atetit (Den Semti) in Egypt 2 SOUR @S15@ 3 PAGE 1 Chronicles chapter one 3 QUAY 3 1 NAME /Ben Adam/ 2 GIVN 2 SURN Ben Adam 2 NSFX Appointed, Substituded 1 SEX M 1 BIRT 2 DATE 3870 B.C. 2 SOUR @S13@ 3 PAGE Chart 1844, p 402 3 QUAY 0 1 DEAT 2 DATE 27 Abib 2958 B.C. 2 SOUR @S13@ 3 PAGE Chart 1844, p 402 3 QUAY 0 1 SOUR @S14@ 2 PAGE 71 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S10@ 1 SOUR @S6@ 2 PAGE page 42 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S3@ 2 PAGE 10-11 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S15@ 2 PAGE St Luke 3:1-38 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S15@ 2 PAGE 1 Chronicals 1:1 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S16@ 2 PAGE 32 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 EVEN 2 TYPE Notes 2 NOTE and autobiography of Edmund Bohun, 1853 Royal Genealogie 3 CONC s of Magna Carte Barons 1 EVEN 2 TYPE Notes 2 NOTE Genesis, Chapter 5: Seth was 105 when he had Enos and he di 3 CONC ed at age 912 years 1 _UID CCB12B1313B54EA8B54F0EC47AD9CD3AA94F 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMS @F46324@ 1 FAMS @F11640@ 1 FAMC @F16718@ 1 NOTE @NI3587@ 0 @NI3587@ NOTE 1 CONC Birth Genesis 4:25, death Genisis 5:8 0 @I3592@ INDI 1 NAME Seaug // 2 GIVN Seaug 1 SEX F 1 BIRT 2 PLAC Scythia, Now near Ryzanovka, Ukraine 1 DEAT 2 PLAC Scythia, Now near Ryzanovka, Ukraine 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID 0395D70FC875490D81833227DDA9F7D7C2E6 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMS @F1407@ 0 @I3597@ INDI 1 NAME Nenual // 2 GIVN Nenual 1 SEX M 1 BIRT 2 PLAC , , Syria 1 DEAT Y 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID 62E49FB30C4043179E032B84F6B447149333 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMC @F11762@ 0 @I3602@ INDI 1 NAME Tea or Thea // 2 GIVN Tea or Thea 1 SEX F 1 BURI 2 PLAC Tara, County Meath, Leinster Province, Ireland 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID D8C0ED155D6E422B988200CCBA6EF46C40C4 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMS @F1414@ 1 NOTE @NI3602@ 0 @NI3602@ NOTE 1 CONC Tara is named after Tea-mur, i.e. the mount of Tea. 0 @I3968@ INDI 1 NAME Alice // 2 GIVN Alice 1 SEX F 1 DEAT Y 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID EFCFF2B3AE9445F2A14A42FCA4AE5C40F334 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMS @F49167@ 0 @I4320@ INDI 1 NAME Nabû-Na'id or Nabonidus or Nebuchadrezzar II /Of Harran/ 2 GIVN Nabû-Na'id or Nabonidus or Nebuchadrezzar II 2 SURN Of Harran 2 NSFX king of Babylon 1 NAME /Of Harran/ 2 GIVN 2 SURN Of Harran 2 NSFX King of Babylon 1 SEX M 1 BIRT 2 DATE Cal 605 B.C. 2 PLAC Harran, Iraq 1 DEAT 2 DATE 539 B.C. 1 SOUR @S16@ 2 PAGE 282 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S18@ 2 PAGE page 17 2 QUAY 3 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 EVEN General 2 TYPE Military 2 SOUR @S18@ 3 PAGE page 17 3 QUAY 3 1 RELI worshiped the moon god Sin, sun god Shamash, and war goddess Ishtar 2 SOUR @S18@ 3 PAGE page 17 3 QUAY 3 1 EVEN king of Harran 2 TYPE Titles 2 DATE 556 B.C. 1 _UID F2FC18C9610945D0A5C675B1E31A2E333D88 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE cigiSubmitted 20 Apr 2005 (10) #3 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMS @F3705@ 1 FAMS @F80995@ 1 FAMC @F27224@ 1 NOTE @NI4320@ 1 NOTE @HI4320@ 0 @NI4320@ NOTE 1 CONC Nabonidus also spelled Nabu-na'id ("Reverer of Nabu"), kin 1 CONC g of Babylonia from 556 until 539 BC, when Babylon fell t 1 CONC o Cyrus, king of Persia. After a popular rising led by th 1 CONC e priests of Marduk, chief god of the city, Nabonidus, wh 1 CONC o favoured the moon god Sin, made his son Belshazzar corege 1 CONC nt and spent much of his reign in Arabia. Returning to Baby 1 CONC lon in 539 BC, he was captured by Cyrus' general Gobryas an 1 CONC d exiled. 1 CONT --------------------- 1 CONT 1 CONT The next king was the Aramaean Nabonidus (Nabu-na'ihc 556-5 1 CONC 39) from Harran, one of the most interesting and enigmati 1 CONC c figures of ancient times. His mother, Addagoppe, was a pr 1 CONC iestess of the god Sin in Harran; she came to Babylon and m 1 CONC anaged to secure responsible offices for her son at court 1 CONC . The god of the moon rewarded her piety with a long life-- 1 CONC she lived to be 103--and she was buried in Harran with al 1 CONC l the honours of a queen in 547. It is not clear which powe 1 CONC rful faction in Babylon supported the kingship of Nabonidus 1 CONC ; it may have been one opposing the priests of Marduk, wh 1 CONC o had become extremely powerful. Nabonidus raided Cilicia i 1 CONC n 555 and secured the surrender of Harran, which had been r 1 CONC uled by the Medes. He concluded a treaty of defense with As 1 CONC tyages of Media against the Persians, who had become a grow 1 CONC ing threat since 559 under their king Cyrus II. He also dev 1 CONC oted himself to the renovation of many temples, taking an e 1 CONC specially keen interest in old inscriptions. He gave prefer 1 CONC ence to his god Sin and had powerful enemies in the priesth 1 CONC ood of the Marduk temple. Modern excavators have found frag 1 CONC ments of propaganda poems written against Nabonidus and als 1 CONC o in support of him. Both traditions continued in Judaism. 1 CONT 1 CONT ---------------------- 1 CONT Arakha: son of Haldita, an Armenia, living in Babylon. Afte 1 CONC r the unsuccessful insurrection of Nidintu-Bêl against th 1 CONC e new Persian king Darius (October-December 522), Arakha cl 1 CONC aimed to be the son of Nabonidus; his throne name was Nebuc 1 CONC hadnezzar IV. His rebellion, which started on August 25, 52 1 CONC 1, was suppressed by Darius' bow carrier Intaphernes on Nov 1 CONC ember 27. Arakha was crucified. 1 CONT 1 CONT 0 @HI4320@ NOTE 1 CONC (Research):The Neo-Babylonian Empire 1 CONT The Chaldeans, who inhabited the coastal area near the Pers 1 CONC ian Gulf, had never been entirely pacified by the Assyrians 1 CONC . About 630 Nabopolassar became king of the Chaldeans. In 6 1 CONC 26 he forced the Assyrians out of Uruk and crowned himsel 1 CONC f king of Babylonia. He took part in the wars aimed at th 1 CONC e destruction of Assyria. At the same time, he began to res 1 CONC tore the dilapidated network of canals in the cities of Bab 1 CONC ylonia, particularly those in Babylon itself. He fought aga 1 CONC inst the Assyrian Ashur-uballit II and then against Egypt 1 CONC , his successes alternating with misfortunes. In 605 Nabopo 1 CONC lassar died in Babylon. 1 CONT Nebuchadrezzar II 1 CONT Nabopolassar had named his oldest son, Nabu-kudurri-usur, a 1 CONC fter the famous king of the second dynasty of Isin, traine 1 CONC d him carefully for his prospective kingship, and shared re 1 CONC sponsibility with him. When the father died in 605, Nebucha 1 CONC drezzar was with his army in Syria; he had just crushed th 1 CONC e Egyptians near Carchemish in a cruel, bloody battle and p 1 CONC ursued them into the south. On receiving the news of his fa 1 CONC ther's death, Nebuchadrezzar returned immediately to Babylo 1 CONC n. In his numerous building inscriptions he tells but rarel 1 CONC y of his many wars; most of them end with prayers. The Baby 1 CONC lonian chronicle is extant only for the years 605-594, an 1 CONC d not much is known from other sources about the later year 1 CONC s of this famous king. He went very often to Syria and Pale 1 CONC stine, at first to drive out the Egyptians. In 604 he too 1 CONC k the Philistine city of Ashkelon. In 601 he tried to pus 1 CONC h forward into Egypt but was forced to pull back after a bl 1 CONC oody, undecided battle and to regroup his army in Babylonia 1 CONC . After smaller incursions against the Arabs of Syria, he a 1 CONC ttacked Palestine at the end of 598. King Jehoiakim of Juda 1 CONC h had rebelled, counting on help from Egypt. According to t 1 CONC he chronicle, Jerusalem was taken on March 16, 597. Jehoiak 1 CONC im had died during the siege, and his son, King Johoiachin 1 CONC , together with at least 3,000 Jews, was led into exile i 1 CONC n Babylonia. They were treated well there, according to th 1 CONC e documents. Zedekiah was appointed the new king. In 596, w 1 CONC hen danger threatened from the east, Nebuchadrezzar marche 1 CONC d to the Tigris River and induced the enemy to withdraw. Af 1 CONC ter a revolt in Babylonia had been crushed with much bloods 1 CONC hed, there were other campaigns in the west. 1 CONT According to the Old Testament, Judah rebelled again in 589 1 CONC , and Jerusalem was placed under siege. The city fell in 58 1 CONC 7/586 and was completely destroyed. Many thousands of Jew 1 CONC s were forced into "Babylonian exile," and their country wa 1 CONC s reduced to a province of the Babylonian empire. The revol 1 CONC t had been caused by an Egyptian invasion that pushed as fa 1 CONC r as Sidon. Nebuchadrezzar laid siege to Tyre for 13 year 1 CONC s without taking the city, because there was no fleet at hi 1 CONC s disposal. In 568/567 he attacked Egypt, again without muc 1 CONC h success, but from that time on the Egyptians refrained fr 1 CONC om further attacks on Palestine. Nebuchadrezzar lived at pe 1 CONC ace with Media throughout his reign and acted as a mediato 1 CONC r after the Median-Lydian war of 590-585. 1 CONT The Babylonian empire under Nebuchadrezzar extended to th 1 CONC e Egyptian border. It had a well-functioning administrativ 1 CONC e system. Though he had to collect extremely high taxes an 1 CONC d tributes in order to maintain his armies and carry out hi 1 CONC s building projects, Nebuchadrezzar made Babylonia one of t 1 CONC he richest lands in western Asia--the more astonishing beca 1 CONC use it had been rather poor when it was ruled by the Assyri 1 CONC ans. Babylon was the largest city of the "civilized world. 1 CONC " Nebuchadrezzar maintained the existing canal systems an 1 CONC d built many supplementary canals, making the land even mor 1 CONC e fertile. Trade and commerce flourished during his reign. 1 CONT Nebuchadrezzar's building activities surpassed those of mos 1 CONC t of the Assyrian kings. He fortified the old double wall 1 CONC s of Babylon, adding another triple wall outside the old wa 1 CONC ll. In addition, he erected another wall, the Median Wall 1 CONC , north of the city between the Euphrates and the Tigris ri 1 CONC vers. According to Greek estimates, the Median Wall may hav 1 CONC e been about 100 feet high. He enlarged the old palace an 1 CONC d added many wings, so that hundreds of rooms with large in 1 CONC ner courts were now at the disposal of the central office 1 CONC s of the empire. Colourful glazed-tile bas-reliefs decorate 1 CONC d the walls. Terrace gardens, called the Hanging Gardens i 1 CONC n later accounts, were added. Hundreds of thousands of work 1 CONC ers must have been required for these projects. The temple 1 CONC s were objects of special concern. He devoted himself firs 1 CONC t and foremost to the completion of Etemenanki, the "Towe 1 CONC r of Babel." Construction of this building began in the tim 1 CONC e of Nebuchadrezzar I, about 1110. It stood as a "buildin 1 CONC g ruin" until the reign of Esarhaddon of Assyria, who resum 1 CONC ed building about 680 but did not finish. Nebuchadrezzar I 1 CONC I was able to complete the whole building. The mean dimensi 1 CONC ons of Etemenanki are to be found in the Esagila Tablet, wh 1 CONC ich has been known since the late 19th century. Its base me 1 CONC asured about 300 feet on each side, and it was 300 feet i 1 CONC n height. There were five terracelike gradations surmounte 1 CONC d by a temple, the whole tower being about twice the heigh 1 CONC t of those of other temples. The wide street used for proce 1 CONC ssions led along the eastern side by the inner city walls a 1 CONC nd crossed at the enormous Ishtar Gate with its world-renow 1 CONC ned bas-relief tiles. Nebuchadrezzar also built many smalle 1 CONC r temples throughout the country. 1 CONT The last kings of Babylonia 1 CONT Awil-Marduk (called Evil-Merodach in the Old Testament; 561 1 CONC -560), the son of Nebuchadrezzar, was unable to win the sup 1 CONC port of the priests of Marduk. His reign did not last long 1 CONC , and he was soon eliminated. His brother-in-law and succes 1 CONC sor, Nergal-shar-usur (called Neriglissar in classical sour 1 CONC ces; 559-556), was a general who undertook a campaign in 55 1 CONC 7 into the "rough" Cilician land, which may have been unde 1 CONC r the control of the Medes. His land forces were assisted b 1 CONC y a fleet. His still-minor son Labashi-Marduk was murdere 1 CONC d not long after that, allegedly because he was not suitabl 1 CONC e for his job. 1 CONT The next king was the Aramaean Nabonidus (Nabu-na'ihc 556-5 1 CONC 39) from Harran, one of the most interesting and enigmati 1 CONC c figures of ancient times. His mother, Addagoppe, was a pr 1 CONC iestess of the god Sin in Harran; she came to Babylon and m 1 CONC anaged to secure responsible offices for her son at court 1 CONC . The god of the moon rewarded her piety with a long life-- 1 CONC she lived to be 103--and she was buried in Harran with al 1 CONC l the honours of a queen in 547. It is not clear which powe 1 CONC rful faction in Babylon supported the kingship of Nabonidus 1 CONC ; it may have been one opposing the priests of Marduk, wh 1 CONC o had become extremely powerful. Nabonidus raided Cilicia i 1 CONC n 555 and secured the surrender of Harran, which had been r 1 CONC uled by the Medes. He concluded a treaty of defense with As 1 CONC tyages of Media against the Persians, who had become a grow 1 CONC ing threat since 559 under their king Cyrus II. He also dev 1 CONC oted himself to the renovation of many temples, taking an e 1 CONC specially keen interest in old inscriptions. He gave prefer 1 CONC ence to his god Sin and had powerful enemies in the priesth 1 CONC ood of the Marduk temple. Modern excavators have found frag 1 CONC ments of propaganda poems written against Nabonidus and als 1 CONC o in support of him. Both traditions continued in Judaism. 1 CONT Internal difficulties and the recognition that the narrow s 1 CONC trip of land from the Persian Gulf to Syria could not be de 1 CONC fended against a major attack from the east induced Nabonid 1 CONC us to leave Babylonia around 552 and to reside in Taima (Ta 1 CONC yma') in northern Arabia. There he organized an Arabian pro 1 CONC vince with the assistance of Jewish mercenaries. His vicero 1 CONC y in Babylonia was his son Bel-shar-usur, the Belshazzar o 1 CONC f the Book of Daniel in the Bible. Cyrus turned this to hi 1 CONC s own advantage by annexing Media in 550. Nabonidus, in tur 1 CONC n, allied himself with Croesus of Lydia in order to fight C 1 CONC yrus. Yet, when Cyrus attacked Lydia and annexed it in 546 1 CONC , Nabonidus was not able to help Croesus. Cyrus bode his ti 1 CONC me. In 542 Nabonidus returned to Babylonia, where his son h 1 CONC ad been able to maintain good order in external matters bu 1 CONC t had not overcome a growing internal opposition to his fat 1 CONC her. Consequently, Nabonidus' career after his return was s 1 CONC hort-lived, though he tried hard to regain the support of t 1 CONC he Babylonians. He appointed his daughter to be high priest 1 CONC ess of the god Sin in Ur, thus returning to the Sumerian-Ol 1 CONC d Babylonian religious tradition. The priests of Marduk loo 1 CONC ked to Cyrus, hoping to have better relations with him tha 1 CONC n with Nabonidus; they promised Cyrus the surrender of Baby 1 CONC lon without a fight if he would grant them their privilege 1 CONC s in return. In 539 Cyrus attacked northern Babylonia wit 1 CONC h a large army, defeating Nabonidus, and entered the city o 1 CONC f Babylon without a battle. The other cities did not offe 1 CONC r any resistance either. Nabonidus surrendered, receivin 1 CONC g a small territory in eastern Iran. Tradition has confuse 1 CONC d him with his great predecessor Nebuchadrezzar II. The Bib 1 CONC le refers to him as Nebuchadrezzar in the Book of Daniel. 1 CONT Babylonia's peaceful submission to Cyrus saved it from th 1 CONC e fate of Assyria. It became a territory under the Persia 1 CONC n crown but kept its cultural autonomy. Even the racially m 1 CONC ixed western part of the Babylonian empire submitted withou 1 CONC t resistance. 1 CONT By 620 the Babylonians had grown tired of Assyrian rule. Th 1 CONC ey were also weary of internal struggle. They were easily p 1 CONC ersuaded to submit to the order of the Chaldean kings. Th 1 CONC e result was a surprisingly rapid social and economic conso 1 CONC lidation, helped along by the fact that after the fall of A 1 CONC ssyria no external enemy threatened Babylonia for more tha 1 CONC n 60 years. In the cities the temples were an important par 1 CONC t of the economy, having vast benefices at their disposal 1 CONC . The business class regained its strength, not only in th 1 CONC e trades and commerce but also in the management of agricul 1 CONC ture in the metropolitan areas. Livestock breeding--sheep 1 CONC , goats, beef cattle, and horses--flourished, as did poultr 1 CONC y farming. The cultivation of corn, dates, and vegetables g 1 CONC rew in importance. Much was done to improve communications 1 CONC , both by water and land, with the western provinces of th 1 CONC e empire. The collapse of the Assyrian empire had the conse 1 CONC quence that many trade arteries were rerouted through Babyl 1 CONC onia. Another result of the collapse was that the city of B 1 CONC abylon became a world centre. 1 CONT The immense amount of documentary material and corresponden 1 CONC ce that has survived has not yet been fully analyzed. No ne 1 CONC w system of law or administration seems to have developed d 1 CONC uring that time. The Babylonian dialect gradually became Ar 1 CONC amaicized; it was still written primarily on clay tablets t 1 CONC hat often bore added material in Aramaic lettering. Parchme 1 CONC nt and papyrus documents have not survived. In contrast t 1 CONC o advances in other fields, there is no evidence of much ar 1 CONC tistic creativity. Aside from some of the inscriptions of t 1 CONC he kings, especially Nabonidus, which were not comparable f 1 CONC rom a literary standpoint with those of the Assyrians, th 1 CONC e main efforts were devoted to the rewriting of old texts 1 CONC . In the fine arts, only a few monuments have any suggestio 1 CONC n of new tendencies. 0 @I4321@ INDI 1 NAME Addagoppe /Of Harran/ 2 GIVN Addagoppe 2 SURN Of Harran 2 NSFX priestiss of Sin of Harran 1 NAME /Of Harran/ 2 GIVN 2 SURN Of Harran 2 NSFX Priestiss Of Sin Of Harran 1 SEX F 1 BIRT 2 DATE 650 B.C. 2 PLAC Harran, Iraq 1 DEAT 2 DATE Cal 547 B.C. 2 PLAC Dur-Karashu, Assyria 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID 5BF4A55641764DAAAC7E0F8D66833CECCFEC 1 BAPL 2 DATE cigiSubmitted 20 Apr 2005 (10) #3 1 ENDL 2 DATE cigiSubmitted 20 Apr 2005 (10) #3 1 SLGC 2 DATE aftr Submitted 15 May 2005 (16) #7 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMS @F10581@ 1 FAMC @F29891@ 1 NOTE @NI4321@ 0 @NI4321@ NOTE 1 CONC Nabonidus had written a biography of his mother after her d 1 CONC eath, in two stelae. Text in ANET, pp 311-12 and 560-62. a 1 CONC net- Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testame 1 CONC nt (edited by J. B. Pritchard), Princeton, NJ., 1950, 2nd e 1 CONC dition 1955. 0 @I4322@ INDI 1 NAME Niticris /Of Babylon/ 2 GIVN Niticris 2 SURN Of Babylon 2 NSFX Priestess of Sin, princess 1 NAME /Of Harran/ 2 GIVN 2 SURN Of Harran 2 NSFX Daughter Of Nabonidus High-Priestess Of Sin 1 SEX F 1 BIRT 2 PLAC Ur Casdim, Chaldea, Babylon, now, Iraq 1 DEAT Y 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID 5581B65F4EC145978DC0B856CCF15A9DE594 1 SLGC 2 DATE cigiSubmitted 20 Apr 2005 (10) #3 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMS @F29905@ 1 FAMC @F3705@ 0 @I4435@ INDI 1 NAME Aribo I /Von Botenstein/ 2 GIVN Aribo I 2 SURN Von Botenstein 2 NSFX Markgraf der Ostmark 1 NAME Aribo /Von Traungau/ 2 GIVN Aribo 2 SURN Von Traungau 2 NSFX count of Traungau 1 SEX M 1 BIRT 2 DATE Abt 820 1 DEAT 2 DATE 909 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID EB63C750783B4895830C7EEE3932AFC8D24B 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMS @F1729@ 0 @I4436@ INDI 1 NAME Aubert or Aribo /Von Bayern/ 2 GIVN Aubert or Aribo 2 SURN Von Bayern 2 NSFX count of Bavaria 1 NAME /Von Bayern/ 2 GIVN 2 SURN Von Bayern 2 NSFX Count Of Bavaria 1 NAME Arupert /Von Prum/ 2 GIVN Arupert 2 SURN Von Prum 1 SEX M 1 BIRT 2 DATE Abt 840 1 DEAT 2 DATE 909 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID 76199CA1B289477AB56380FCA2EF6C9AF3E7 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMS @F1730@ 1 FAMC @F1731@ 0 @I4437@ INDI 1 NAME Angier Aerverus /Of Prun/ 2 GIVN Angier Aerverus 2 SURN Of Prun 1 NAME // 2 GIVN 2 SURN 2 NSFX Abbott Of Prun 1 SEX M 1 BIRT 2 DATE Abt 820 1 DEAT Y 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 RELI abbott of Prun 1 _UID 22023DB7BD124F8981DABA246FD401DF1B8F 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMS @F1731@ 1 FAMC @F1732@ 0 @I4438@ INDI 1 NAME Miss /De Bavière/ 2 GIVN Miss 2 SURN De Bavière 2 NSFX sister of Odilon de Bavaria 1 NAME /De Bavaria/ 2 GIVN 2 SURN De Bavaria 2 NSFX Sister Of Odilon De Bavaria 1 NAME /De Bavière/ 2 GIVN 2 SURN De Bavière 2 NSFX Sister Of Odilon De Bavaria 1 SEX F 1 BIRT 2 DATE Abt 820 1 DEAT Y 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID 9007ACCFFA204637A25387A84C8F02721C31 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMS @F1731@ 0 @I4439@ INDI 1 NAME Guillaire /Von Prun/ 2 GIVN Guillaire 2 SURN Von Prun 1 SEX M 1 BIRT 2 DATE 782 2 PLAC Prun, Germany 1 DEAT Y 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID 95315748A0B244DDB65F7CD8FBCD2A4F828B 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMS @F1732@ 1 FAMC @F1736@ 0 @I4226@ INDI 1 NAME Tawananna III Malnigal /Of Babylon/ 2 GIVN Tawananna III Malnigal 2 SURN Of Babylon 1 NAME // 2 GIVN 2 SURN 2 NSFX Daughter Of King Of Babylonia 1 SEX F 1 BIRT 2 DATE Abt 1400 B.C. 2 PLAC Bab-Ilu or Babylon, Mesopotamia, Now, Iraq 1 DEAT Y 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID E2DA0E08481942279CEA330AB66DAFBEEF5D 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMS @F78438@ 1 FAMC @F52292@ 0 @I4227@ INDI 1 NAME Arnuwanda II /Of Khatti/ 2 GIVN Arnuwanda II 2 SURN Of Khatti 2 NSFX king of The Hittites 1 NAME /Of Khatti/ 2 GIVN 2 SURN Of Khatti 2 NSFX King Of The Hittites 1 SEX M 1 DEAT 2 DATE 1339 B.C. 1 SOUR @S2@ 1 _UID ED355F1210A6414CBA5A31ED609CA76B1639 1 BAPL 2 DATE Biblical 1 ENDL 2 DATE Biblical 1 SLGC 2 DATE Biblical 1 CHAN 2 DATE 9 Feb 2006 3 TIME 00:10 1 FAMC @F78438@ 1 NOTE @NI4227@ 0 @NI4227@ NOTE 1 CONC THE BOOK OF JUBILEES 1 CONT INTRODUCTION 1 CONT 1. SHORT ACCOUNT OF THE BOOK. 1 CONT The Book of Jubilees is in certain limited aspects the mos 1 CONC t important book in this volume for the student of religion 1 CONC . Without it we could of course have inferred from Ezra an 1 CONC d Nehemiah, the Priests' Code, and the later chapters of Ze 1 CONC chariah the supreme position that the law had achieved in J 1 CONC udaism, but without Jubilees we could hardly have imagine 1 CONC d such an absolute supremacy as finds expression in this bo 1 CONC ok. This absolute supremacy of the law carried with it, a 1 CONC s we have seen in the General Introduction, the suppressio 1 CONC n of prophecy -at all events of the open exercise of the pr 1 CONC ophetic gifts. And yet these gifts persisted during all th 1 CONC e so-called centuries of silence-from Malachi down to N.T 1 CONC . times, but owing to the fatal incubus of the law these gi 1 CONC fts could not find expression save in pseudepigraphic liter 1 CONC ature. Thus Jubilees represents the triumph of the movement 1 CONC , which had been at work for the past three centuries or mo 1 CONC re. 1 CONT And yet this most triumphant manifesto of legalism containe 1 CONC d within its pages the element that was destined to disput 1 CONC e its supremacy and finally to reduce the law to the wholl 1 CONC y secondary position that alone it could rightly claim. Thi 1 CONC s element of course is apocalyptic, which was the source o 1 CONC f the higher theology in Judaism, and subsequently was th 1 CONC e parent of Christianity, wherein apocalyptic ceased to b 1 CONC e pseudonymous and became one with prophecy. 1 CONT The Book of Jubilees was written in Hebrew by a Pharisee be 1 CONC tween the year of the accession of Hyrcanus to the high pri 1 CONC esthood in 135 and his breach with the Pharisees some year 1 CONC s before his death in 105 B.C. It is the most advanced pre- 1 CONC Christian representative of the midrashic tendency, which h 1 CONC as already been at work in the Old Testament Chronicles. A 1 CONC s the Chronicler had rewritten the history of Israel and Ju 1 CONC dah from the basis of the Priests' Code, so our author re-e 1 CONC dited from the Pharisaic standpoint of his time the histor 1 CONC y of events from the creation to the publication, or, accor 1 CONC ding to the author's view, the republication of the law o 1 CONC n Sinai. In the course of re-editing he incorporated a larg 1 CONC e body of traditional lore, which the midrashic process ha 1 CONC d put at his disposal, and also not a few fresh legal enact 1 CONC ments that the exigencies of the past had called forth. Hi 1 CONC s work constitutes an enlarged Targum on Genesis and Exodus 1 CONC , in which difficulties in the biblical narrative are solve 1 CONC d, gaps supplied, dogmatically offensive elements removed 1 CONC , and the genuine spirit of later Judaism infused into th 1 CONC e primitive history of the world. His object was to defen 1 CONC d Judaism against the attacks of the hellenistic spirit tha 1 CONC t had been in the ascendant one generation earlier and wa 1 CONC s still powerful, and to prove that the law was of everlast 1 CONC ing validity. From our author's contentions and his embitte 1 CONC red attacks on the paganisers and apostates, we may infer t 1 CONC hat Hellenism had urged that the levitical ordinances of th 1 CONC e law were only of transitory significance, that they had n 1 CONC ot been observed by the founders of the nation, and that th 1 CONC e time had now come for them to be swept away, and for Isra 1 CONC el to take its place in the brotherhood of the nations. Ou 1 CONC r author regarded all such views as fatal to the very exist 1 CONC ence of Jewish religion and nationality. But it is not as s 1 CONC uch that he assailed them, but on the ground of their false 1 CONC hood. The law, he teaches, is of everlasting validity. Thou 1 CONC gh revealed in time it was superior to time. Before it ha 1 CONC d been made known in gundry portions to the fathers it ha 1 CONC d been kept in heaven by the angels, and to its observanc 1 CONC e henceforward there was no limit in time or in eternity. 1 CONT Writing in the palmiest days of the Maccabean dominion,in t 1 CONC he high-priesthood of John Hyrcanus, looked for the immedia 1 CONC te advent of the Messianic kingdom. This kingdom was to b 1 CONC e ruled over by a Messiah sprung, not from Levi -that is, f 1 CONC rom the Maccabean family, as some of his contemporaries exp 1 CONC ected- but from Judah. This kingdom would be gradually real 1 CONC ized on earth, and the transformation of physical nature wo 1 CONC uld go hand in hand with the ethical transformation of ma 1 CONC n till there was a new heaven and a new earth. Thus, finall 1 CONC y, all sin and pain would disappear and men would live to t 1 CONC he age of 1,000 years in happiness and peace, and after dea 1 CONC th enjoy a blessed immortality in the spirit world. 1 CONT 2. VARIOUS TITLES OF THE BOOK. 1 CONT Our book was known by two distinct titles even in Hebrew. ( 1 CONC a) Jubilees 1 CONT (b) The Little Genesis 1 CONT (c) Apocalypse of Moses and other alleged names of the book 1 CONC . 1 CONT (a) Jubilees. This appears from Epiphanius (Haer. xxxix. 6 1 CONC ) to have been its usual designation. It is found also in t 1 CONC he Syriac Fragment entitled 'Names of the Wives of the Patr 1 CONC iarchs according to the Hebrew Book of Jubilees,' first pub 1 CONC lished by Ceriani, Mon. sacra et profana, ii. 1.9-10, and r 1 CONC eprinted by the present writer in his edition of The Ethiop 1 CONC ic Version of the Hebrew Book of Jubilees. This name admira 1 CONC bly describes the book, as it divides into jubilee period 1 CONC s of forty-nine years each the history of the world from th 1 CONC e creation to the legislation on Sinai. The writer pursue 1 CONC s a perfectly symmetrical development of the heptadic syste 1 CONC m. Israel enters Canaan at the close of the fiftieth jubile 1 CONC e, i.e. 2450. 1 CONT (b) The Little Genesis. The epithet 'little' does not refe 1 CONC r to the extent of the book, for it is larger than the cano 1 CONC nical Genesis, but to its character. It deals more fully wi 1 CONC th details than the biblical work. The Hebrew title was var 1 CONC iously rendered in Greek. 1 [(Gk.) he lepte Genesis (or Lep 1 CONC te Genesis)] as in Epiphanius, Syncellus, Zonaras, Glycas 1 CONC . 2 [(Gk.) he Leptogenesis] in Didymus of Alexandria and i 1 CONC n Latin writers, as we may infer from the Decree of Gelasiu 1 CONC s. 3 [Gk.) ta lepta geneseos] in Syncellus. 4 [(Gk.) Mikrog 1 CONC enesis] in Jerome, who was acquainted with the Hebrew origi 1 CONC nal. 1 CONT (c) 1 The Apocalypse of Moses. 1 CONT 2 The Testament of Moses. 1 CONT 3 The Book of Adam's Daughters. 1 CONT 4 The Life of Adam. 1 CONT 1 The Apocalypse of Moses. This title had some currency i 1 CONC n the time of Synceflus (see i. 5, 49). It forms an appropr 1 CONC iate designation since it makes Moses the recipient of al 1 CONC l the disclosures in the book. 2 The Testament of Moses. Th 1 CONC is title is found in the Catena of Nicephorus, i. 175, wher 1 CONC e it precedes a quotation from x. 21 of our book. It has, h 1 CONC owever, nothing to do with the Testament of Moses, which ha 1 CONC s become universally known under the wrong title -the Assum 1 CONC ption of Moses. Ronsch and other scholars formerly sought t 1 CONC o identify Jubilees with this second Testament of Moses, bu 1 CONC t this identification is shown to be impossible by the fac 1 CONC t that in the Stichometry of Nicephorus 4,300 stichoi are a 1 CONC ssigned to Jubilees and only 1100 to this Testament of Mose 1 CONC s. On the probability of a Testament of Moses having been i 1 CONC n circulation -which was in reality an expansion of Jubilee 1 CONC s ii-iii see my edition of Jubilees, p. xviii. 3 The Book o 1 CONC f Adam's Daughters. This book is identified with Jubilees i 1 CONC n the Decree of Gelasius, but it probably consisted merel 1 CONC y of certain excerpts from Jubilees dealing with the name 1 CONC s and histories of the women mentioned in it. Such a collec 1 CONC tion, as we have already seen, exists in Syriac, and its Gr 1 CONC eek prototype was used by the scribe of the LXX MS. no.13 1 CONC 5 in Holmes and Parsons' edition. 4 The Life of Adam. Thi 1 CONC s title is found in Syncellus i. 7-9. It seems to have bee 1 CONC n an enlarged edition of the portion of Jubilees, which dea 1 CONC lt with the life of Adam. 1 CONT 3. THE ETHIOPIC MSS. 1 CONT There are four Ethiopic MSS., a b c d, the first and fourt 1 CONC h of which belong to the National Library in Paris, the sec 1 CONC ond to the British Museum, and the third to the Universit 1 CONC y Library at Tubingen. Of these a b (of the fifteenth and s 1 CONC ixteenth century respectively) are the most trustworthy, th 1 CONC ough they cannot be followed exclusively. In a, furthermore 1 CONC , the readings of the Ethiopic version of Genesis have repl 1 CONC aced the original against bed in iii. 4, 6, 7, 19, 29; iv 1 CONC . 4, 8, &c. For a full description of these MSS. the reade 1 CONC r can consult Charles's Ethiopic Version of the Hebrew Boo 1 CONC k of Jubilees, pp. xii seqq. 1 CONT 4. THE ANCIENT VERSIONS-GREEK, ETHIOPIC, LATIN, SYRIAC. 1 CONT (a) The Greek Version is lost save for some fragments whic 1 CONC h survive in Epiphanius [(Gk.) peri Metron kai Stathmon] (e 1 CONC d. Dindorf, vol. iv. 27-8). This fragment, which consists o 1 CONC f ii. 2-21, is published with critical notes in Charles's e 1 CONC dition of the Ethiopic text. Other fragments of this versio 1 CONC n are preserved in Justin Martyr, Origen, Diodorus of Antio 1 CONC ch, Isidore of Alexandria, Isidore of Seville, Eutychius, P 1 CONC atriarch of Alexandria, John of Malala, Syncellus, Cedrenus 1 CONC . Syncellus attributes to the Canonical Genesis statement 1 CONC s derived from our text. This version is the parent of th 1 CONC e Ethiopic and Latin Versions. 1 CONT (b) The Ethiopic Version. This version is most accurate an 1 CONC d trustworthy and indeed as a rule servilely literal. It ha 1 CONC s, of course, suffered from the corruptions naturally incid 1 CONC ent to transmission through MSS. Thus dittographies are fre 1 CONC quent and lacunae are of occasional occurrence, but the ver 1 CONC sion is singularly free from the glosses and corrections o 1 CONC f unscrupulous scribes, though the temptation must have bee 1 CONC n great to bring it into accord with the Ethiopic version o 1 CONC f Genesis. To this source, indeed, we must trace a few perv 1 CONC ersions of the text: 'my wife' in iii. 6 instead of 'wife' 1 CONC ; xv 12; xvii. 12 ('her bottle' instead of 'the bottle'); x 1 CONC xiv. 19 (where the words 'a well' are not found in the Lati 1 CONC n version of Jubilees, nor in the Mass., Sam., LXX, Syr., a 1 CONC nd Vulg. of Gen. xxvi. 19). In the above passages the whol 1 CONC e version is influenced, but in a much greater degree has t 1 CONC his influence operated on MS. a. Thus in iii. 4, 6, 7, 19 1 CONC , 29, iv. 4, 8, v.3, vi. 9, &c., the readings of the Ethiop 1 CONC ic version of Genesis have replaced the original text. In t 1 CONC he case of b there appears to be only one instance of thi 1 CONC s nature in xv. 15 (see Charles's Text, pp. xii seqq.). 1 CONT For instances of corruption native to this version, see Cha 1 CONC rles on ii. 2, 7, 21, vi. 21, vii. 22, x. 6, 21, xvi. 18, x 1 CONC xiv. 20, 29, xxxi. 2, xxxix. 4, xli. 15, xlv. 4, xlviii. 6. 1 CONT (c) The Latin Version. This version, of which about one-fou 1 CONC rth has been preserved, was first published by Ceriani in h 1 CONC is Monnmenta sacra et profana, 1861, tom. i. fase. i. 15-62 1 CONC . It contains the following sections: xiii. 10b-21; xv. 20b 1 CONC -31a; xvi. 5b-xvii. 6a; xviii. 10b-xix. 25; xx. 5b-xxi. 10a 1 CONC ; xxii. 2-19a; xxiii. 8b-23a; xxiv. 13-xxv. 1a; xxvi. 8b-23 1 CONC a; xxvii. 11b-24a; xxviii. 16b-27a; xxix. 8b-xxxi. 1a; xxxi 1 CONC . 9b-1 8, 29b-32; xxxii. 1-8a, 18b-xxxiii. 9a, 18b-xxxiv. 5 1 CONC a; xxxv. 3b-12a; xxxvi. 20b-xxxvii. 5a; xxxviii. 1b-16a; xx 1 CONC xix. 9-xl. 8a; xli. 6b-18; xlii. 2b-14a; xlv. 8-xlvi. 1, 12 1 CONC -xlviii. 5; xlix. 7b-22. This version was next edited by Ro 1 CONC nsch in 1874, Das Buch der Fubilaen . . . unter Befugung de 1 CONC s revidirten Textes der . . . lateinisehen Fragmente. Thi 1 CONC s work attests enormous industry and great learning, but i 1 CONC s deficient in judgement and critical acumen. Ronsch was o 1 CONC f opinion that this Latin version was made in Egypt or it 1 CONC s neighbourhood by a Palestinian Jew about the middle of th 1 CONC e fifth century (pp.459-60). In 1895 Charles edited this te 1 CONC xt afresh in conjunction with the Ethiopic in the Oxford An 1 CONC ecdota (The Ethiopic Version of the Hebrew Book of Jubilees 1 CONC ). To this work and that of Ronsch above the reader must b 1 CONC e referred for a fuller treatment of this subject. Here w 1 CONC e may draw attention to the following points. This version 1 CONC , where it is preserved, is almost of equal value with th 1 CONC e Ethiopic. It has, however, suffered more at the hands o 1 CONC f correctors. Thus it has been corrected in conformity wit 1 CONC h the LXX in xlvi. 14, where it adds 'et Oon' against all o 1 CONC ther authorities. The Ethiopic version of Exod. i. 11 migh 1 CONC t have been expected to bring about this addition in our Et 1 CONC hiopic text, but it did not. Two similar instances will b 1 CONC e found in xvii. 5, xxiv. 20. Again the Latin version seem 1 CONC s to have been influenced by the Vulgate in xxix. 13. xlii 1 CONC . II (canos meos where our Ethiopic text = [(Gk.) mou to ge 1 CONC ras] as in LXX of Gen. xlii. 38); and probably also in xlvi 1 CONC i. 7, 8, and certainly in xlv. 12, where it reads 'in tot 1 CONC a terra' for 'in terra'. Of course there is the possibilit 1 CONC y that the Latin has reproduced faithfully the Greek and th 1 CONC at the Greek was faulty; or in case it was correct, that i 1 CONC t was the Greek presupposed by our Ethiopic version that wa 1 CONC s at fault. 1 CONT Two other passages are deserving of attention, xix. 14 an 1 CONC d xxxix. 13. In the former the Latin version 'et creverun 1 CONC t et iuvenes facti sunt' agrees with the Ethiopic version o 1 CONC f Gen. xxv. 27 against the Ethiopic version of Jubilees an 1 CONC d all other authorities on Gen. xxv. 27. Here the peculia 1 CONC r reading can be best explained as having originated in th 1 CONC e Greek. In the second passage, the clause 'eorum quae fieb 1 CONC ant in carcere' agrees with the Ethiopic version of Gen. xx 1 CONC xix. 23 against the Ethiopic version of Jubilees and all ot 1 CONC her authorities on Gen. xxxix. 23. On the other hand, ther 1 CONC e is a large array of passages in which the Latin version p 1 CONC reserves the true text over against corruptions or omission 1 CONC s in the Ethiopic version: cf. xvi. 16, xix. 5, 10, 11, xx 1 CONC . 6, 10, xxi. 3, xxii. 3, &c. (see my Text, p. xvi). 1 CONT (d) The Syriac Version. The evidence as to the existence o 1 CONC f a Syriac is not conclusive. It is based on the fact tha 1 CONC t a British Museum MS. (Add. 12154, fol. 180) contains a Sy 1 CONC riac fragment entitled, Names of the Wives of the Patriarch 1 CONC s according to the Hebrew Book called Jubilees.' It was fir 1 CONC st published by Ceriani in his Monumeitta Sacra, 1861, torn 1 CONC . ii. fasc. i. 9-10, and reprinted by Charles as Appendix I 1 CONC II to his Text of Jubilees (p. 183). 1 CONT 5. THE ETHIOPIC AND LATIN VERSIONS-TRANSLATIONS FROM THE GR 1 CONC EEK. 1 CONT Like all the biblical literature in Ethiopic, Jubilees wa 1 CONC s translated into Ethiopic from the Greek. Greek words suc 1 CONC h as [drus, balanos, lips, schinos, pharaggs, &c., are tran 1 CONC sliterated into Ethiopic. Secondly, many passages must be r 1 CONC etranslated into Greek before we can discover the source o 1 CONC f their corruptions. And finally, many names are transliter 1 CONC ated as they appear in Greek and not in Hebrew. 1 CONT That the Latin is derived directly from the Greek is no les 1 CONC s obvious. Thus in xxxix. 12 [(Lt.) timoris = (Gk.) deilias 1 CONC ], a corruption of douleias; in xxxviii. 13 [(Lt.) honore 1 CONC m = (Gk.) timen], which should have been rendered by (Lt. 1 CONC ) tributum. Another class of mistranslations may be seen i 1 CONC n passages where the Greek article is rendered by the Lati 1 CONC n demonstrative as in (Lt.) huius Abrahae xxix. i6, huic Is 1 CONC trael xxxi. 15. Other evidence pointing in the same directi 1 CONC on is to be found in the Greek constructions which have bee 1 CONC n reproduced in the Latin; such as xvii. 3 (Lt.) mem or fui 1 CONC t sermones' = (Gk.) hemnesthe tous logous: in xv. 22 (Lt. 1 CONC ) consummavit loquens = (Gk.) Sunetelese lalon: in xxii 1 CONC . 8 (Lt.) 'in omnibus quibus dedisti' = en pasin ois edokas 1 CONC . 1 CONT 6. THE GREEK-A TRANSLATION FROM THE HEBREW. 1 CONT The early date of our book -the second century B.C.- and th 1 CONC e fact that it was written in Palestine speak for a Semiti 1 CONC c original, and the evidence for such an original is conclu 1 CONC sive. But the question at once arises, was the original wri 1 CONC tten in Hebrew or Aramaic? Certain proper names in the Lati 1 CONC n version ending in -in seem to bespeak an Aramaic original 1 CONC , as Cettin xxiv. 28; Adurin xxxviii. 8,9; Filistin xxiv. 1 1 CONC 4-16. But since in all these cases the Ethiopic translitera 1 CONC tions end in -n and not in -nit is not improbable that thi 1 CONC s Aramaising in the Latin version is due to the translator 1 CONC , who, as Ronsch has concluded on other grounds, was a Pale 1 CONC stinian Jew. Again, in the list of the twelve trees suitabl 1 CONC e for burning on the altar some are transliterations of Ara 1 CONC maic names. But in a late Hebrew work -written at the clos 1 CONC e of the second century B.C.- the popular names of such obj 1 CONC ects would naturally be used. Moreover, in certain cases th 1 CONC e Hebrew may have already been forgotten, or, when the tre 1 CONC e had been lately introduced, been non-existent. 1 CONT But the arguments for a Hebrew original are many and weight 1 CONC y. (1) A work which claims to be from the hand of Moses wou 1 CONC ld naturally be written in Hebrew; for Hebrew, according t 1 CONC o our author, was the sacred and national language, xii. 25 1 CONC -6; xliii. 15. (2) The revival of the national spirit is, s 1 CONC o far as we know, accompanied by a revival of the nationa 1 CONC l language. (3) The existing text must be retranslated int 1 CONC o Hebrew in order to explain unintelligible expressions an 1 CONC d restore the true text. Thus (Ar.) la 'eleja in xliii. 1 1 CONC 1 = (Gk.) en emoi; which is a mistranslation in this contex 1 CONC t of (Hb.); for (Hb.) here = (Gk.) deomai, 'pray,' as in Ge 1 CONC n. xliv. 18. In xlvii. 9 the text = (Lt.) 'domum (= Hb. ) F 1 CONC araonis', but the context demands (Lt.) 'filiam (= Hb.) Far 1 CONC aonis',though here the argument is not conclusive, since (H 1 CONC b.) might have been corruptly written for (Hb.) which in Ar 1 CONC amaic = 'daughter'. Again in xxxvi. 10 (cp. also xxxix. 6 1 CONC ) the text = (Gk.) ouk anabesetai (= ja'arg) (Gk.) eis to b 1 CONC iblion tes zoes. But ja'arg must = 'will be recorded'. No 1 CONC w this meaning is unattested elsewhere in Ethiopic, but th 1 CONC e difficulty is solved when we find that it is a Hebrew idi 1 CONC om: see I Chron. xxvii. 24, 2 Chron. xx. 34. (4) Many paron 1 CONC omasiae discover themselves on retranslation into Hebrew, a 1 CONC s in iv. 9 there is a play on the name Enoch, in iv. 15 o 1 CONC n Jared, in viii. 8 on Peleg, &c. (5) Many passages are pre 1 CONC served in Rabbinic writings, and the book has much matter i 1 CONC n common with the Testaments xii Patriarchs, 'which was wri 1 CONC tten about the same date in Hebrew. Both books, in fact, us 1 CONC e a chronology peculiar to themselves. (6) Fragments of th 1 CONC e original Hebrew text or of the sources used by its autho 1 CONC r are to be found in the Book of Noah and the Midrasch Wajj 1 CONC isau in Jellinek's Beth-ha-Midrasch, iii. 155-6, 3-5, repri 1 CONC nted in Charles's edition of the Ethiopic text on pp. 179-8 1 CONC 1. 1 CONT 7. TEXTUAL AFFINITIES. 1 CONT A minute study of the text shows that it attests an indepen 1 CONC dent form of the Hebrew text of Genesis and the early chapt 1 CONC ers of Exodus. Thus it agrees with individual authorities s 1 CONC uch as the Samaritan or the LXX, or the Syriac, or the Vulg 1 CONC ate, or the Targum of Onkelos against all the rest. Or agai 1 CONC n it agrees with two or more of these authorities in opposi 1 CONC tion to the rest, as for instance with the Massoretic and S 1 CONC amaritan against the LXX, Syriac and Vulgate, or with the M 1 CONC assoretic and Onkelos against the Samaritan, LXX, Syriac, a 1 CONC nd Vulgate, or with the Massoretic, Samaritan and Syriac ag 1 CONC ainst the LXX or Vulgate. But the reader must here be refer 1 CONC red to Charles's Book of Jubilees (pp. xxxiii--xxxix) fo 1 CONC r a full classification of these instances. A study of thes 1 CONC e phenomena proves that our book represents some form of th 1 CONC e Hebrew text midway between the forms presupposed by the L 1 CONC XX and the Syriac; for it agrees more frequently with the L 1 CONC XX, or with combinations into which the LXX enters, than wi 1 CONC th any other single authority. Next to the LXX it agrees mo 1 CONC st often with the Syriac or with combinations into which th 1 CONC e Syriac enters. On the other hand, its independence of th 1 CONC e LXX is shown by a large array of readings, where it has t 1 CONC he support of the Samaritan and Massoretic, or of these wit 1 CONC h various combinations of the Syriac, Vulgate and Onkelos 1 CONC . From these and like considerations we may conclude that t 1 CONC he textual evidence points to the composition of our book a 1 CONC t some period between 250 B.C. and 100 A.D. and at a time n 1 CONC earer the earlier date than the latter. 4 1 CONT 8. THE VALUE OF THE BOOK OF JUBILEES IN THE CRITICISM OF TH 1 CONC E MASSORETIC TEXT OF THE BOOK OF GENESIS. 1 CONT From a study of the facts which are referred to in the prec 1 CONC eding Section it will be clear that before and after the Ch 1 CONC ristian era the Hebrew text did not possess any hard and fa 1 CONC st tradition. It will further be obvious that the Massoreti 1 CONC c form of this text, which has so long been generally as co 1 CONC nservative of the most ancient tradition and as therefore f 1 CONC inal, is after all only one of many phases through which th 1 CONC e text passed in the process of over 1,000 years, ie. 400 B 1 CONC .C. till A.D. 600, or thereabouts. 1 CONT As we pursue the examination of the materials just mentione 1 CONC d we shall see grounds for regarding the Massoretic text a 1 CONC s the result partly of conscious recension and partly of un 1 CONC conscious change extending over many centuries. How this pr 1 CONC ocess affected the text in the centuries immediately preced 1 CONC ing and subsequent to the Christian era, we have some mean 1 CONC s of determining in the Hebrew-Samaritan text which, howeve 1 CONC r much it may have been tampered with on religious or polem 1 CONC ical grounds, still preserves in many cases the older readi 1 CONC ng, even as it preserves the older of the alphabet. Next w 1 CONC e have the LXX of the Pentateuch, to which we may assign th 1 CONC e date 200 B.C.; next the Book of Jubilees just before th 1 CONC e Christian era; the Syriac Pentateuch before A.D. 100; th 1 CONC e Vulgate of the fourth century; the Targums of Onkelos an 1 CONC d Ps.-Jon. in their present form A.D. 300-600. 1 CONT We have above remarked that the evidence of 6 shows that th 1 CONC e Massoretic text is only one of the phases through which t 1 CONC he Hebrew text has passed; and if we consider afresh the ma 1 CONC terials of evidence suggested in that Section in connexio 1 CONC n with their dates, and given in some fullness in the Intro 1 CONC ductions to Charles's Text and Commentary, we shall discove 1 CONC r that in some respects it is one of the latest phases of t 1 CONC he Hebrew Pentateuch that has been stereotyped by Jewish sc 1 CONC holars in the Massoretic text. 1 CONT This conclusion will tally perfectly with the tradition tha 1 CONC t all existing Massoretic MSS. are derived in the main fro 1 CONC m one archetype, i.e. the Hebrew Codex left behind him by B 1 CONC en Asher, who lived in the tenth century, and whose famil 1 CONC y had lived at Tiberias in the eighth. 1 CONT We shall now proceed to give a list of readings in the Mass 1 CONC oretic text which should be corrected into accord with th 1 CONC e readings attested by such great authorities as the Sam. 1 CONC , LXX, Jub., Syr., VuIg. 1 CONT The following list was published in Charles's Ethiopic Vers 1 CONC ion of the Hebrew Book of Jubilees in 1895. More than two-t 1 CONC hirds of the emendations of the Book of Genesis here sugges 1 CONC ted were subsequently accepted independently, on the eviden 1 CONC ce of the Sam., LXX, Syr., Vulg., without a knowledge of Ju 1 CONC bilees, by C.J. Ball in his edition of the Hebrew Text of G 1 CONC enesis, 1896, by Kittel in his edition of the Hebrew Text o 1 CONC f Genesis, 1905, and more than half in the recent Commentar 1 CONC y of Gunkel. 1 CONT [What follows contains many phrases written in Hebrew. At t 1 CONC he time of scanning there was not an accessible means to ac 1 CONC curately reproduce the Hebrew script. If this information i 1 CONC s desired please see Mr. Charles book.] 1 CONT 9. DATE OF (a) THE ORIGINAL TEXT AND (b) OF THE VERSIONS. 1 CONT (a) Jubilees was written between 153 B.C. and the year of H 1 CONC yrcanus' breach with the Pharisees. (1) It was written duri 1 CONC ng the pontificate of the Maccabean family, and not earlie 1 CONC r than 155 B.C., when this office was assumed by Jonathan t 1 CONC he Maccabee. For in xxxii. 1, Levi is called a 'priest of t 1 CONC he Most High God.' Now the only Jewish high-priests who bor 1 CONC e this title were the Maccabean, who appear to have assume 1 CONC d it as reviving the order of Melchizedek when they displac 1 CONC ed the Zadokite order of Aaron. Despite the objections of t 1 CONC he Pharisees, it was used by the Maccabean princes down t 1 CONC o Hyrcanus II (Jos. Ant. xvi. 6.2). (2) It was written befo 1 CONC re 96 B.C.; for since our author was of the strictest sec 1 CONC t a Pharisee and at the same time an upholder of the Maccab 1 CONC ean pontificate, Jubilees cannot have been written later th 1 CONC an 96, when the Pharisees and Alexander Jannaeus were openl 1 CONC y engaged in mortal strife. (3) It was written before the p 1 CONC ublic breach between Hyrcanus and the Pharisees when Hyrcan 1 CONC us joined the Sadducean party. As Hyrcanus died in 105, ou 1 CONC r book was written between 153 and 105. 1 CONT But it is possible to define these limits more closely. Th 1 CONC e book presupposes as its historical background the most fl 1 CONC ourishing period of the Maccabean hegemony -such as that un 1 CONC der Simon and Hyrcanus. The conquest of Edom, which was ach 1 CONC ieved by the latter, is referred to in xxxviii. 14. Again o 1 CONC ur text reflects accurately the intense hatred of Judah tow 1 CONC ards the Philistines in the second century B.C. It declare 1 CONC s that they will fall into the hands of the righteous natio 1 CONC n, and we learn from I Macc. and Josephus that Ashdod and G 1 CONC aza were destroyed by Hyrcanus and Alexander Jannaeus respe 1 CONC ctively. But it is in the destruction of Samaria, which i 1 CONC s adumbrated in the destruction of Shechem, xxx. 4-6, tha 1 CONC t we are to look for the true terminus a quo. Now all accou 1 CONC nts agree in representing the destruction of Samaria as eff 1 CONC ected by Hyrcanus about four years before his death. Henc 1 CONC e we conclude that Jubilees was written between 109 and 10 1 CONC 5 B.C. 1 CONT Many other phenomena point to the second-century origin o 1 CONC f our book, which are given in Charles's edition, pp. lviii 1 CONC -lxvi. Amongst these we might mention the currency of olde 1 CONC r and severer forms of the halacha than prevailed in the ra 1 CONC bbinical schools, or were registered in the Mishnah. The se 1 CONC vere halacha regarding the sabbath in 1.8, 12, were indubit 1 CONC ably in force in the second century B.C., if not earlier, b 1 CONC ut were afterwards mitigated by the Mishnah and later Judai 1 CONC sm. Again the strict halacha in xv. 14 regarding circumcisi 1 CONC on on the eighth day was a current, probably the current, v 1 CONC iew in the second century B.C. and earlier, since it has th 1 CONC e support of the Samaritan text and the LXX. This strict la 1 CONC w was subsequently relaxed in the Mishnah. In xxxii. 15 th 1 CONC e severe law of tithing found in Lev. xxvii. 15 is enforced 1 CONC , but rabbinic tradition sought to weaken the statement. A 1 CONC s regards the halacha laid down in iii. 31 regarding the du 1 CONC ty of covering one's shame, it is highly probable that suc 1 CONC h a halacha did exist in the second century B.C., when Juda 1 CONC ism was protesting against the exposure of the person in th 1 CONC e Greek games. See also iii. 8-14 notes and xx. 4 note. 1 CONT Other cases of strict rules afterwards relaxed are the limi 1 CONC tation of trees for use with burnt offerings (see xxi. 12-1 1 CONC 5 notes), the restriction of the eating of the passover t 1 CONC o the court of the Lords house (see xlix. 20 note), the clo 1 CONC se adherence to the exacting demand of Lev. xix. 24 that th 1 CONC e fourth year's fruit should be holy (see vii. 36 notes), t 1 CONC hough here we have a variant reading. Note that the rest o 1 CONC f the firstfruits belong to the priests, who are to eat the 1 CONC m 'before the altar.' On the other hand, the thank-offering 1 CONC s in xxi. 8-10 do not belong to the priest. The computatio 1 CONC n of the Feast of Weeks is different from the later prevale 1 CONC nt Pharisaic reckoning (see xv. 1 note; xvi. 13, xliv. 4-5) 1 CONC , while the account of the Feast of Tabernacles in xvi. 21- 1 CONC 31 is peculiar to Jubilees. 1 CONT Finally, we might draw attention to the fact that the Phari 1 CONC saic regulation about pouring water on the altar (Jer. Sukk 1 CONC . iv. 6; Sukk. 44a) at the feast of tabernacles appears t 1 CONC o have been unknown to him. We know that the attempt of th 1 CONC e Pharisees to enforce its adoption on Alexander Jannaeus r 1 CONC esulted in a massacre of the former. Attention might also b 1 CONC e drawn to the fact that the Priests and Levites still numb 1 CONC ered in their ranks, as in the days of the author of Chroni 1 CONC cles, the masters of the schools and the men of learning, a 1 CONC nd that these positions were not filled as in the days of S 1 CONC hammai and Hillel by men drawn from the laity. This inferen 1 CONC ce is to be deduced from the fact that the Levites are repr 1 CONC esented as the guardians of the sacred books and of the sec 1 CONC ret lore transmitted from the worthies of old time (x. 4, x 1 CONC lv. 16). 1 CONT (b) Date of the Ethiopic and Latin Versions. There is no ev 1 CONC idence for determining the exact date of the Ethiopic versi 1 CONC on, but since it was practically regarded as a canonical bo 1 CONC ok it was probably made in the sixth century. Ronsch, as w 1 CONC e have already pointed out in 4, gives some evidence for re 1 CONC garding the Latin version as made in the fifth century. 1 CONT 10 JUBILEES FROM ONE AUTHOR BUT BASED ON EASTERN BOOKS AN 1 CONC D TRADITIONS. 1 CONT Our book is the work of one author, but is largely based o 1 CONC n earlier books and traditions. The narrative of Genesis fo 1 CONC rms of course the bulk of the book, but much that is charac 1 CONC teristic in it is due to his use of many pseudepigraphic an 1 CONC d ancient traditions. Amongst the former might be mentione 1 CONC d the Book of Noah, from which in a modified form he borrow 1 CONC s vii. 20-39, x. 1-15. In vii. 26-39 he reproduces his sour 1 CONC ce so faithfully that he leaves the persons unchanged, an 1 CONC d forgets to adapt this fragment to its new context. Simila 1 CONC rly our author lays the Book of Enoch under contribution, a 1 CONC nd is of great value in this respect in determining the dat 1 CONC es of the various sections of this book. See Introd. to I B 1 CONC ook of Enoch, in loc. For other authorities and tradition 1 CONC s used by our author see Charles's edition, 13. 1 CONT 11. JUBILEES IS A PRODUCT OF THE MIDRASHIC TENDENCY WHICH H 1 CONC AD BEEN ALREADY AT WORK IN THE O.T. BOOKS OF CHRONICLES. 1 CONT The Chronicler rewrote with an object the earlier history o 1 CONC f Israel and Judah already recounted in Samuel and Kings. H 1 CONC is object was to represent David and his pious successors a 1 CONC s observing all the prescripts of the law according to th 1 CONC e Priests' Code. In the course of this process all facts th 1 CONC at did not square with the Chronicler's presuppositions wer 1 CONC e either omitted or transformed. Now the author of Jubilee 1 CONC s sought to do for Genesis what the Chronicler had done fo 1 CONC r Samuel and Kings, and so he rewrote it in such a way as t 1 CONC o show that the law was rigorously observed even by the Pat 1 CONC riarchs. The author represents his book to be as a whol 1 CONC e a revelation of God to Moses, forming a supplement to an 1 CONC d an interpretation of the Pentateuch, which he designate 1 CONC s 'the first law' (vi. 22). This revelation was in part a s 1 CONC ecret republication of the traditions handed down from fath 1 CONC er to son in antediluvian and subsequent times. From the ti 1 CONC me of Moses onwards it was preserved in the hands of the pr 1 CONC iesthood, till the time came for its being made known. 1 CONT Our author's procedure is of course in direct antagonism wi 1 CONC th the presuppositions of the Priests' Code in Genesis, fo 1 CONC r according to this code 'Noah may build no altar, Abraha 1 CONC m offer no sacrifice, Jacob erect no sacred pillar. No offe 1 CONC ring is recorded till Aaron and his sons are ready' (Carpen 1 CONC ter, The Hexateuch, i. 124). This fact seems to emphasize i 1 CONC n the strongest manner how freely our author reinterprete 1 CONC d his authorities for the past. But he was only using to th 1 CONC e full a right that had been exercised for nearly four cent 1 CONC uries already in regard to Prophecy and for four or thereab 1 CONC outs in regard to the law. 1 CONT 12. OBJECT OF JUBILEES -THE DEFENCE AND EXPOSITION OF JUDAI 1 CONC SM FROM THE PHARISAIC STANDPOINT OF THE SECOND CENTURY B.C. 1 CONT The object of our author was to defend Judaism against th 1 CONC e disintegrating effects of Hellenism, and this he did (a 1 CONC ) by glorifying the law as an eternal ordinance and represe 1 CONC nting the patriarchs as models of piety; (b) by glorifyin 1 CONC g Israel and insisting on its separation from the Gentiles 1 CONC ; and (e) by denouncing the Gentiles and particularly Israe 1 CONC l's national enemies. In this last respect Judaism regarde 1 CONC d its own attitude to the Gentiles as not only justifiabl 1 CONC e but also just, because it was a reflection of the divine. 1 CONT But on (a) it is to be observed further that to our autho 1 CONC r the law, as a whole, was the realization in time of wha 1 CONC t was in a sense timeless and eternal. It was observed no 1 CONC t only on earth by Israel but in heaven. Parts of the law m 1 CONC ight have only a time reference, to Israel on earth, but i 1 CONC n the privileges of circumcision and the Sabbath, as its hi 1 CONC ghest and everlasting expression, the highest orders of arc 1 CONC hangels in heaven shared with Israel (ii. i8, 19, 21; xv. 2 1 CONC 6-28). The law, therefore, was supreme, and could admit o 1 CONC f no assessor in the form of Prophecy. There was no longe 1 CONC r any prophet because the law had made the free exercise o 1 CONC f his gift an offence against itself and God. So far, there 1 CONC fore, as Prophecy existed, it could exist only under the gu 1 CONC ise of pseudonymity. The seer, who had like Daniel and othe 1 CONC rs a message for his time, could only gain a hearing by iss 1 CONC uing it under the name of some ancient worthy. 1 CONT 13. THE AUTHOR -A PHARISEE WHO RECOGNIZED THE MACCABEAN PON 1 CONC TIFICATE AND WAS PROBABLY A PRIEST. 1 CONT Since our author was an upholder of the everlasting validit 1 CONC y of the law, and held the strictest views on circumcision 1 CONC , the Sabbath, and the duty of complete separation from th 1 CONC e Gentiles, since he believed in angels and demons and a bl 1 CONC essed immortality, he was unquestionably a Pharisee of th 1 CONC e strictest sect. In the next place, he was a supporter o 1 CONC f the Maccabean pontificate. He glorifies Levi's successor 1 CONC s as high-priests and civil rulers, and applies to them th 1 CONC e title priests of the Most High God '-the title assumed b 1 CONC y the Maccabean princes (xxxii. 1). He was not, however, s 1 CONC o thoroughgoing an admirer of this dynasty as the authors o 1 CONC f Test. Lev. xviii. or Ps. cx, who expected the Messiah t 1 CONC o come forth from the Maccabean family. Finally, that our a 1 CONC uthor was a priest might reasonably be inferred from the ex 1 CONC altation of Levi over Judah (xxxi-xxxii), and from the stat 1 CONC ement in xlv. i6 that the secret traditions, which our auth 1 CONC or claims to publish, were kept in the hands of Levi's desc 1 CONC endants. 1 CONT 14. INFLUENCE ON LATER LITERATURE. 1 CONT On the influence of Jubilees on I Enoch i-v, xci-civ, Wisdo 1 CONC m (?), 4 Ezra, Chronicles of Jerachmeel, Midrash Tadshe, Bo 1 CONC ok of Jasher, the Samaritan Chronicle, on Patristic and oth 1 CONC er writings, and on the New Testament writers, see Charles' 1 CONC s edition, pp. lxxiii-lxxxvi. 1 CONT 15. THEOLOGY. SOME OF OUR AUTHOR'S VIEWS. 1 CONT Freedom and determinism. The author of Jubilees is a true P 1 CONC harisee in that he combines belief in Divine omnipotence an 1 CONC d providence with the belief in human freedom and responsib 1 CONC ility. He would have adopted heartily the statement of th 1 CONC e Pss. Sol. ix. 7 (written some sixty years or more later 1 CONC ) (Gk.) ta erga emon en ekloge kai exousia tes psuches emon 1 CONC , tou poiesai dikaiosunen kai adikian en ergois cheiron emo 1 CONC n: v. 6 anthropos kai e meris autou para soi en stathmo o 1 CONC u prosthesei tou pleonasai para to krima sou, o theos. Thu 1 CONC s the path in which a man should walk is ordained for him a 1 CONC nd the judgement of all men predetermined on the heavenly t 1 CONC ablets: 'And the judgment of all is ordained and written o 1 CONC n the heavenly tablets in righteousness -even the judgmen 1 CONC t of all who depart from the path which is ordained for the 1 CONC m to walk in' (v.13). This idea of an absolute determinis 1 CONC m underlies many conceptions of the heavenly tablets (see C 1 CONC harles's edition, iii. 10 note). On the other hand, man's f 1 CONC reedom and responsibility are fully recognized: 'If they wa 1 CONC lk not therein, judgment is written down for every creature 1 CONC ' (v. 13): 'Beware lest thou walk in their ways, And trea 1 CONC d in their paths, And sin a sin unto death before the Mos 1 CONC t High God. Else He will give thee back into the hand of th 1 CONC y transgression.' Even when a man has sinned deeply he ca 1 CONC n repent and be forgiven (xli. 24 seq.), but the human wil 1 CONC l needs the strengthening of a moral dynamic: 'May the Mos 1 CONC t High God . . . strengthen thee to do His will' (xxi. 25 1 CONC , xxii. 10). 1 CONT The Fall. The effects of the Fall were limited to Adam an 1 CONC d the animal creation. Adam was driven from the garden (iii 1 CONC . 17 seqq.) and the animal creation was robbed of the powe 1 CONC r of speech (iii. 28). But the subsequent depravity of th 1 CONC e human race is not traced to the Fall but to the seductio 1 CONC n of the daughters of men by the angels, who had been sen 1 CONC t down to instruct men (v.1-4), and to the solicitations o 1 CONC f demonic spirits (vii. 27). The evil engendered by the for 1 CONC mer was brought to an end by the destruction of all the des 1 CONC cendants of the angels and of their victims by the Deluge 1 CONC , but the incitement to sin on the part of the demons was t 1 CONC o last to the final judgement (vii. 27, x. 1-15, xi. 4 seq. 1 CONC , xii. 20). This last view appears in I Enoch and the N.T. 1 CONT The Law. The law was of eternal validity. It was not the ex 1 CONC pression of the religious consciousness of one or of severa 1 CONC l ages, but the revelation in time of what was valid from t 1 CONC he beginning and unto all eternity. The various enactment 1 CONC s of the law moral and ritual, were written on the heavenl 1 CONC y tablets (iii. 31, vi. 17, &c.) and revealed to man throug 1 CONC h the mediation of angels (i. 27). This conception of the l 1 CONC aw, as I have already pointed out, made prophecy impossibl 1 CONC e unless under the guise of pseudonymity. Since the law wa 1 CONC s the ultimate and complete expression of absolute truth, t 1 CONC here was no room for any further revelation: much less coul 1 CONC d any such revelation, were it conceivable, supersede a sin 1 CONC gle jot or tittle of the law as already revealed. The idea 1 CONC l of the faithful Jew was to be realized in the fulfilmen 1 CONC t of the moral and ritual precepts of this law: the latte 1 CONC r were of no less importance than the former. Though this v 1 CONC iew of morality tends to be mainly external, our author str 1 CONC ikes a deeper note when he declares that, when Israel turne 1 CONC d to God with their whole heart, He would circumcise the fo 1 CONC reskin of their heart and create a right spirit within the 1 CONC m and cleanse them, so that they would not turn away from H 1 CONC im for ever (i. 23). Our author specially emphasizes certai 1 CONC n elements of the law such as circumcision (xvi. 14, xv. 26 1 CONC , 29), the Sabbath (ii. 18 seq., 31 seq.), eating of bloo 1 CONC d (vi. 14), tithing of the tithe (xxxii. 10), Feast of Tabe 1 CONC rnacles (xvi. 29), Feast of Weeks (vi. 17), the absolute pr 1 CONC ohibition of mixed marriages (xx. 4, xxii. 20, xxv. 1-10) 1 CONC . In connexion with many of these he enunciates halacha whi 1 CONC ch belong to an earlier date than those in the Mishnah, bu 1 CONC t which were either modified or abrogated by later authorit 1 CONC ies. 1 CONT The Messiah. Although our author is an upholder of the Macc 1 CONC abean dynasty he still clings like the writer of I Enoch lx 1 CONC xxiii-xc to the hope of a Messiah sprung from Judah. He mak 1 CONC es, however, only one reference to this Messiah, and no rol 1 CONC e of any importance is assigned to him (see Charles's editi 1 CONC on, xxxi. 18 n.). The Messianic expectation showed no vigor 1 CONC ous life throughout this century till it was identified wit 1 CONC h the Maccabean family. If we are right in regarding the Me 1 CONC ssianic kingdom as of temporary duration, this is the firs 1 CONC t instance in which the Messiah is associated with a tempor 1 CONC ary Messianic kingdom. 1 CONT The Messianic kingdom. According to our author (i. 29, xxii 1 CONC i. 30) this kingdom was to be brought about gradually by th 1 CONC e progressive spiritual development of man and a correspond 1 CONC ing transformation of nature. Its members were to attain t 1 CONC o the full limit of 1,000 years in happiness and peace. Dur 1 CONC ing its continuance the powers of evil were to be restraine 1 CONC d (xxiii. 29). The last judgement was apparently to take pl 1 CONC ace at its close (xxiii. 30). This view was possibly derive 1 CONC d from Mazdeism. 1 CONT The writer of Jubilees, we can hardly doubt, thought that t 1 CONC he era of the Messianic kingdom had already set in. Such a 1 CONC n expectation was often cherished in the prosperous days o 1 CONC f the Maccabees. Thus it was entertained by the writer o 1 CONC f I Enoch lxxxii