LLYWELYN, Gruffydd

1207 - 1244  (37 years)  Submit Photo / Document

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• Name	LLYWELYN, Gruffydd
  Birth	1207	Caer Seiont, Wales
  Gender	Male
  Burial	Mar 1244	Aberconwy Abbey, Conwy, Gwynedd, Wales
  Death	1 Mar 1244	Tower of London, Middlesex, England
  WAC	18 Sep 1914
  _TAG	Reviewed on FS
  Headstones	Submit Headstone Photo
  Person ID	I28826	Joseph Smith Sr and Lucy Mack Smith
  Last Modified	19 Aug 2021

  
  

  Father	IORWERTH, Prince Llewelyn ,   b. 1173, Aberffraw, Anglesey, Wales Aberffraw, Anglesey, Walesd. 11 Apr 1240, Aberconwy, Arllechwedd, Caernavonshire, Wales (Age 67 years)
  Mother	LLYWARCH, Tanglwy Verch ,   b. 1168, Rhos, Carmarthshire, Wales Rhos, Carmarthshire, Walesd. 21 Jul 1239, Gwynedd, Wales (Age 71 years)
  Notes	~SEALING_SPOUSE: Also shown as SealSp 10 Sep 1914, SLAKE.
  Family ID	F16011	Group Sheet  |  Family Chart

  
  

  Family	CARADOC, Senena Verch ,   b. 1209, England Englandd. 1263, Llanfaes, Anglesey, Wales (Age 54 years)
  Family ID	F16170	Group Sheet  |  Family Chart
  Last Modified	24 Jan 2022

  
  

• Notes

  As a boy, Gruffydd was one of the hostages taken by King John of England as a pledge for his father's continued good faith. A clause in Magna Carta (1215) compelled his release. On his father's death in 1240, under Welsh law, he would have been entitled to consideration as his father's successor. Llywelyn however had excluded him from the succession and had declared Dafydd, his son by his wife Joan, to be heir to the kingdom. Llywelyn went to great lengths to strengthen Dafydd's position, probably aware that there would be considerable Welsh support for Gruffydd against the half-English Dafydd. Gruffydd was given lands in Ardudwy and Merioneth by his father, though in 1221 he was removed for maladministration of those lands. In 1223 he commanded a force of his father's army, against William Marshal. His father then imprisoned him between 1228 and 1234. On his release he was again given lands, this time controlling much of the commotes of Llŷn, Ceri, Cyfeiliog, Mawddwy, Mochnant and Caereinion. Gruffydd was held a prisoner by his brother Dafydd when the latter took over Gwynedd. Following a successful invasion of the Welsh borders by King Henry III of England in 1241, Dafydd was obliged to hand over Gruffydd into the king's custody, he was then taken to London and imprisoned in the Tower of London. Gruffydd's wife, Senana (possibly a daughter of Caradoc ap Thomas of Anglesey), agreed to pay Henry 600 marks for the release of her husband and their eldest son, Owain, and to hand over her two youngest sons, Dafydd and Rhodri, to the king as hostages to ensure that she kept her part of the bargain. Henry did not keep his part however, and kept Gruffydd and his son imprisoned as "guests" because this continued to give him the possibility of using Gruffydd as a weapon against his brother. However, Gruffydd died while attempting to escape from the Tower in 1244. He is said to have used an improvised rope made from sheets and cloths to lower himself from his window, but as he was a heavy man, the rope broke and he fell to his death. In 1248, the abbots of Strata Florida and Aberconwy arranged for the return of his body to Wales, where he was buried at Aberconwy with his father. After his death Gruffydd's four sons—Owain, Llywelyn, Dafydd and Rhodri—would come into their own, and after much fraternal discord, Llywelyn ended up ruling most of Wales. He also had three daughters, Gwladus, Catherine and Margred. According to several non-contemporary Welsh genealogical tracts, the mother of Llywelyn was Rhanullt, an otherwise unknown daughter of Rǫgnvaldr Guðrøðarson, King of the Isles. If correct, these sources could indicate that Gruffydd married a daughter of Rǫgnvaldr in about 1220. Contemporary sources, however, show that Llywelyn's mother was Senana, an undoubted wife of Gruffydd.