ARAGON, King Sancho III

994 - 1035  (41 years)  Submit Photo / Document

 Set As Default Person

• Name	ARAGON, Sancho
  Prefix	King
  Suffix	III
  Nickname	The Great
  Birth	994	Navarra, Navarra, Spain
  Gender	Male
  _TAG	Temple
  Burial	Jan 1035	San Salvador de Loña do Monte, Nogueira de Ramuín, Orense, Galicia, España
  Death	18 Jan 1035	Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
  Headstones	Submit Headstone Photo
  Person ID	I46446	Joseph Smith Sr and Lucy Mack Smith
  Last Modified	19 Aug 2021

  
  

  Father	SANCHEZ, King Garcia II ,   b. 964, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain Pamplona, Navarra, Spaind. 8 Dec 999, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain (Age 35 years)
  Mother	FERNANDEZ, Queen Jimena ,   b. 970, León, Castilla y León, España León, Castilla y León, Españad. 1045, Navarra, España (Age 75 years)
  Marriage	992	Spain
  Family ID	F18179	Group Sheet  |  Family Chart

  
  

  Family	SANCHEZ, Countess Muniadona Mayor ,   b. 990, Toledo, Castilla-La Mancha, España Toledo, Castilla-La Mancha, Españad. 13 Jul 1066, Frómista, Palencia, Castilla y León, Spain (Age 76 years)
  Marriage	1011	Castile, España
  Children	+ 1. ARAGON, King Ramiro I ,   b. Jul 1006, Aibar, Navarra, España Aibar, Navarra, Españad. 8 May 1063, Sierra de San Juan de la Peña, Aragón, Spain (Age 56 years)
  Family ID	F16475	Group Sheet  |  Family Chart
  Last Modified	24 Jan 2022

  
  

• Photos

  At least one living or private individual is linked to this item - Details withheld.

  
  

• Notes

  García Sánchez II (Basque: Gartzea II.a Santxez; dead c. 1000), was King of Pamplona and Count of Aragon from 994 until his death c. 1000. He was the eldest son of Sancho II of Pamplona and Urraca Fernández and the second Pamplonese monarch to also hold the title of count of Aragon. Modern historians refer to him as the Tremulous, though this appellation likely originally applied to his grandfather, García Sánchez I of Pamplona. Throughout his reign, his foreign policy seems to have been closely linked to that of Castile. His mother was an aunt of count Sancho García of Castile, and also of the powerful count of Saldaña, García Gómez of Carrión, and she appears to have played a role in forming a bridge between the kingdom and county. He joined his cousin Sancho in attempting to break from the submission his father had offered to Córdoba, as a result of which he had to face Almanzor. In 996 he was forced to seek peace in Córdoba. In 997 during an expedition into the land of Calatayud, García killed the governor's brother. Almanzor took revenge by beheading 50 Christians. At the Battle of Cervera in July 1000, he joined, along with count García Gómez of Saldaña, in a coalition headed by count Sancho García of Castile that was defeated by Almanzor (that count Sancho led the group is thought to reflect García's decline). Tradition names him one of the Christian leaders at the 1002 Battle of Calatañazor, which resulted in the death of Almanzor and the consequent crisis in the Caliphate of Córdoba, but there is no contemporary record of him after 1000, while his cousin Sancho Ramírez of Viguera may have been ruling in Pamplona in 1002. García was certainly dead by 1004, when his son Sancho Garcés III first appears as king. Domestically, he granted the rule in Aragon to his brother Gonzalo, under the tutelage of his mother Urraca. A tradition reports that he freed all of the Muslim captives being held in the kingdom. García Sánchez II was married to Jimena Fernández, daughter of Fernando Bermúdez, Count of Cea and a distinguished member of the highest ranks of the nobility of the Kingdom of León. They had the following children: -Sancho Garcés III, King of Navarre and Count of Aragon from 1004 until his death in 1035. -Elvira Garcés, nun in the Monastery of Leyre. -García Garcés -Urraca Garcés, Queen consort of León by her marriage to Alfonso V of León from 1023 until her death in 1031. Sanco III ou Sancho Garcés, rei de Pamplona, este unificou temporariamente a Espanha cristã. Ele era filho de García Sánchez, denominado por "o Trémulo", ele conseguiu o Trono no ano 1000, inicialmente sob um conselho de regência. Aproveitando a desintegração do califado de Córdoba, dirigiu toda a sua atenção para a unificação dos principados cristãos da península ibérica e alguns dos outros lados dos Pirenéus; seguindo as idéias feudais dominantes na Europa do século XI; estabeleceu uma rede de relações de Valança e parentesco que o tornaram rei (teoricamente) de um extenso território que foi de Zamora a Barcelona incluindo a Gasconha. Ele se casou com a filha do Conde de Castela em 1010, o que facilitou um acordo favorável nas fronteiras entre os dois estados. Ele anexou ao seu reino os municípios de Sobrarbe e Ribagorza, reivindicando direitos dinásticos para intervir em seus conflitos internos contra as pretensões do conde de Barcelona (1019). Mais tarde, ele também submeteu este último a vassalagem, em troca da ajuda proporcionada no conflito contra sua própria mãe (cerca de 1023). Ao mesmo tempo, o apoio do Conde de Gasconha em sua luta contra o município de Toulouse providenciou o rei de Pamplona com o vizcondado de Labourd e a vassalagem da Gasconha (que Sancho herdou teoricamente à morte do conde, que era seu tio) . Seu parentesco com a família castelhana permitiu-lhe intervir naquele estado, apoiando a autoridade de seu cunhado (Conde Don Juan Garcia) diante dos nobres e da intromissão do rei de Leão. Sancho casou-se a sua irmã Urraca com o rei Leonês com a intenção de pacificar as relações e assim poder exercer livremente sua influência sobre Castela. Quando o conde morreu, Sancho ocupou Castela alegando os direitos de herança de sua esposa, embora existissem herdeiros masculinos com mais direitos para governar esse município. Isso explodiu a guerra com o rei de Leão, que também ambicionava a anexação de Castela; o destino da guerra entre os dois reis favoreceu o de Pamplona, ​​que ocuparam León, Zamora e Astorga (1034). Ele foi assassinado embora não tivesse casado com Sancha de Aybar, mas teve um filho natural Ramiro I °, que se tornou o Primeiro Rei de Aragão. BIO: King of Navarre (Pamploma), 970-994 ** from http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/NAVARRE.htm#SanchoIIGarcesdied994B, as of 11/6/2014 SANCHO García de Navarra, son of GARCÍA III Sánchez King of Navarre & his first wife Andregota Galíndez Condesa de Aragón (after 935-Dec 994). The Libro de Regla of Leire Monastery, compiled in 1076, names "Sancium et Ramirum" as the two sons of "Garsea Sanciones…et uxore sua regina Eximina"[273]. "Garsea rex…cum genitrice…Tuta regina et cum filiis Sancio et Ranimiro adque Urraka" donated property to the monastery of San Martín de Albelda by charter dated 953, witnessed by "Sancio rex et Ranimiro rex…"[274]. His mother's name is confirmed by the charter dated 29 Jun 971 under which "Endregoto Galindonis et prolem eius Sancio Garsianis rex" donated property[275]. The manuscript of the Codex de Roda entitled "Initium regnum Pampilonam" records that "filius eius Sancius rex" succeeded on the death of "Garsea rex"[276]. He succeeded his father in 970 as SANCHO II García "Abarca" King of Navarre, Conde de Aragón. He inherited a kingdom which had been considerably weakened by Muslim attacks during the last years of his predecessor's rule, and on his accession accepted the suzerainty of Caliph al-Hakam II. King Sancho attempted unsuccessfully to reassert his authority but was defeated in 975 at Estercuel near Tudela[277]. A period of calm followed, presumably due to a pact with al-Mansor confirmed by the latter's marriage with King Sancho's illegitimate daughter. "Endregoto Galindonis et prole eius Sancio Garseanis rex et uxor eius Urraca Fredenandizi" donated property to the monastery of San Pedro de Siresa by charter dated 29 Jun 971[278]. “Sancius rex et Ranemirus rex…cum Clara Urraka regina” donated “la villa de Cirueña” to the “monasterio de San Andrés de Cirueña” by charter dated 13 Nov 972, signed by “Sanctius…rex, cum prolis Garseam” confirmed by “Ranemirus frater ipsius regis…domna Urraka Clara regina”[279]. "Garsias Ferdinandez…cum coniuge mea Ava comitisa" founded the monastery of Infantado de Covarrubias, offering "filiam…nostram Urracam" as a nun there, by charter dated 25 Dec 978, confirmed by "…Sancio rex, Urraka regina, rege Scemeno…"[280]. "Sancius rex et Urraka regina…cum germanis nostris Ranimiro et Eximino" confirmed a prior donation to San Pedro de Siresa by "genitor noster Garsea rex" by charter dated 15 Feb 979, confirmed by "Eximino Sancionis, Garsea Furtunionis, Belasco Lihoriz"[281]. A charter dated 17 Sep 983 confirmed an agreement between Benedicto Bishop of Nájera and the abbot of Albelda, witnessed by "Sancio rex, Urraca regina, Garsea regulus, Ranimirus regulus, Gondesalvus regulus…"[282]. “Sanctio principem...cum coniuge mea Urraca et filios nostros Garsea et Ranemiro una cum Gundesabo” granted “villa in territorio Ataresensem...Badagues” to “domno Santio presbiter Ataresense” by charter dated 1 Jan 985[283]. "Sancio, filio Garseani regis…cum coniux mea Urraka et filios nostros Garsea et Ranimiro et Gundisalvo" confirmed a donation to the monastery of Pampaneto by charter dated 6 May 985[284]. The Muslims renewed their attacks on Navarre from 990, obliging King Sancho to visit Córdoba in 992 to negotiate peace[285]. "Santio Garsseanis rex…cum coniux mea Urraca regina" donated property to the monastery of Leire by charter dated 15 Feb 991[286]. "Sancio rex…cum…subole Urraca regina et vina prole Garsea et coniux eius Eximina et Gundessalvo" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 992, signed by "Sancio rex…Urraca regina, Garsea eorundem filius, Gundessalvus frater eius, Eximina regina, Sancio filius Ranimiri regis, Garsea frater eius, Sancio filius Gogelmi comitis…"[287]. m (962) as her third husband, URRACA Fernández de Castilla, widow firstly of ORDOÑO III King of León and secondly of ORDOÑO IV "el Malo" King of León, daughter of FERNANDO González Conde de Castilla & his first wife Sancha Sánchez de Navarra (-after 1007). The Cronica de Sampiro records the marriage of "Ordonius filius regis" and "filiam Fredenandi…Urracam", from the context dated to the reconciliation of King Ramiro II and Conde Fernando after the latter's rebellion[288], which is dated to [943/44] by Torres[289]. The Cronica de Sampiro records the marriage of "Ordonium…Adefonsy regis filium" and "Ferdinando Burgensium comitte…filiam suam…relictam ab Ordonio Ramiri filio"[290]. The Codex de Roda records the marriage of "regem Sanctium" and "Urracam, filiam comitis Sanctii de Castella"[291], although it is chronologically more acceptable that Urraca was the daughter of Conde Fernando, which is confirmed by the charter dated 29 Jun 971 under which "Endregoto Galindonis et prole eius Sancio Garseanis rex et uxor eius Urraca Fredenandizi" donated property to the monastery of San Pedro de Siresa[292]. The Chronicon Burgense also states incorrectly that King Sancho was “gener comitis Sancii”[293]. "Santio…rex…cum fratre meo Ranimiro et domna Urraca regina" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated [10 Dec 970], confirmed by "…Fortunio Galindonis, Scemeno Santionis…"[294]. "Endregoto Galindonis et prole eius Sancio Garseanis rex et uxor eius Urraca Fredenandizi" donated property to the monastery of San Pedro de Siresa by charter dated 29 Jun 971[295]. “Sancius rex et Ranemirus rex…cum Clara Urraka regina” donated “la villa de Cirueña” to the “monasterio de San Andrés de Cirueña” by charter dated 13 Nov 972, signed by “Sanctius…rex, cum prolis Garseam” confirmed by “Ranemirus frater ipsius regis…domna Urraka Clara regina”[296]. "Sancius rex et Urraka regina…cum germanis nostris Ranimiro et Eximino" confirmed a prior donation to San Pedro de Siresa by "genitor noster Garsea rex" by charter dated 15 Feb 979, confirmed by "Eximino Sancionis, Garsea Furtunionis, Belasco Lihoriz"[297]. "Garsias Ferdinandez…cum coniuge mea Ava comitisa" founded the monastery of Infantado de Covarrubias, offering "filiam…nostram Urracam" as a nun there, by charter dated 25 Dec 978, confirmed by "…Sancio rex, Urraka regina, rege Scemeno…"[298]. “Sanctio principem...cum coniuge mea Urraca et filios nostros Garsea et Ranemiro una cum Gundesabo” granted “villa in territorio Ataresensem...Badagues” to “domno Santio presbiter Ataresense” by charter dated 1 Jan 985[299]. "Sancio, filio Garseani regis…cum coniux mea Urraka et filios nostros Garsea et Ranimiro et Gundisalvo" confirmed a donation to the monastery of Pampaneto by charter dated 6 May 985[300]. "Santio Garsseanis rex…cum coniux mea Urraca regina" donated property to the monastery of Leire by charter dated 15 Feb 991[301]. "Sancio rex…cum…subole Urraca regina et vina prole Garsea et coniux eius Eximina et Gundessalvo" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 992, signed by "Sancio rex…Urraca regina, Garsea eorundem filius, Gundessalvus frater eius, Eximina regina, Sancio filius Ranimiri regis, Garsea frater eius, Sancio filius Gogelmi comitis…"[302]. "Garsea rex et uxor mea Eximina, cum domna Urracha regina" donated property to the monastery of San Pedro de Siresa by charter dated to [995/1004][303]. She became a nun after the death of her third husband. King Sancho II & his wife had six children: 1. GARCÍA Sánchez de Navarra ([964]-after 8 Dec 999). He succeeded his father in 994 as GARCÍA IV King of Navarre, Conde de Aragón. m (before 981) JIMENA Fernández, daughter of conde FERNANDO Vermúdez de Cea [León] & his wife condesa Elvira Díaz (-after 1035). 2. RAMIRO Sánchez de Navarra (-992). 3. GONZALO Sánchez de Navarra (-997). 4. FERNANDO Sánchez de Navarra . 5. MAYOR Sánchez . 6. JIMENA Sánchez . King Sancho II had [one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress]: 7. [ABDA "la Vascona” . m polygamously, MUHAMMAD bin Abi Amir "al-Mansur/the Victorious" Regent of Córdoba (-10 Aug 1002).] ** from The Ill Encl of Medieval Civ (A. Grabois) p 635-- Sancho II (d. 1000) King of Navarre (970-994). His wars against the Moslems were unsuccessful and in 994, he abdicated in favour of his son Garcia. ** from Wikipedia listing for Sancho II of Pamplona, as of 11/6/2014 Sancho II Garcés Abarca (c. 938 – December 994) was King of Pamplona from 970 until his death. He was the son of García Sánchez I and Andregota, daughter of Galindo Aznárez II, Count of Aragon. After his succession, he recognised his younger brother Ramiro as King of Viguera. The Historia General de Navarra by Jaime del Burgo says (referencing in turn the Anales del Reino de Navarra of José de Moret) that on the occasion of the donation of the villa of Alastue by Sancho to the monastery of San Juan de la Peña in 987, he titled himself "King of Navarre," the first time that title had been used. This title, however, did not come into common usage until the late eleventh century. The epithet "Abarca," meaning "sandal," is not contemporary, but is medieval. Under Sancho, the kingdom solidified some of the gains of his predecessor, but also suffered several significant military setbacks at the hands of Umayyad troops. Navarre was linked with the Kingdom of León and the County of Castile by familial bonds, and the realms frequently worked in concert, with the Navarrese monarchy supporting the young Ramiro III of León. In 972, he founded the monastery of San Andrés de Cirueña. In 976, at the monastery of Albelda, the cultural and intellectual centre of his kingdom, the Codex Vigilanus was completed. It is one of the most important illuminated manuscripts of medieval Spain, containing the canons of the Councils of Toledo, a copy of the Liber Iudiciorum, and the first Western representation of the Arabic numerals, among many other texts. Upon the death of the Caliph of Cordoba, Al-Hakam II, in 976, and the succession of his son Hisham II, who had been taught by Al-Mansur Ibn Abi Aamir, the prospects of the Christian kingdoms seemed dim. The troops of Al-Mansur defeated the Christians at Torrevicente, south of Soria. Afterwards, the Muslims returned to triumph at Taracueña, near Osma. In 975, Sancho was defeated by the Moors at San Esteban de Gormaz and it has been suggested that he was captured at the Battle of Estercuel that year.[1] In 981 at the Battle of Rueda, a dozen kilometers from Tordesillas, the Christians suffered another humiliating defeat. Because he could not defeat Al-Mansur by arms, Sancho went to Córdoba as an ambassador for his own kingdom, bringing many gifts for the victorious Al-Mansur, making a pact with him and agreeing to give the Muslim his daughter Urraca in marriage. From this union was born Abd al-Rahman Sanchuelo, the second successor of Al-Mansur who tried to usurp the Caliphate of Córdoba from the Umayyad heir. He faced further incursions from Almanzor in 989, 991 and 992, the last of which resulted in a second submission at Córdoba, and the next year he sent his son Gonzalo on an embassy to the Caliphate. In 994, the year of his death, the kingdom saw yet another incursion by a caliphate army. Sancho married Urraca, the daughter of the Castilian count Fernán González and Sancha of Navarre, Sancho's aunt. The marriage occurred after 962 and before 970. Before 950, Urraca had been married twice previously, to Ordoño III and Ordoño IV of León, from both of whom she separated. Sancho was her third and last husband. Their children were: García Sánchez II Ramiro (died 992) Gonzalo, was given the county of Aragon under the regency of his mother Urraca (Abda) the Basque, given to Almanzor, and by him mother of Abd al-Rahman Sanchuelo, before entering a convent. References Antonio Ubieto Arteta (1950), "Monarcas navarros olvidados: los reyes de Viguera", Hispania, 10(38), 6 note 10, argues that his younger brother Jimeno, who appears as a hostage at the court of al-Hakim II in Córdoba later in 975, may have been exchanged for Sancho's freedom.