BEAUCHAMP, Earl Guy de

1272 - 1315  (43 years)  Submit Photo / Document

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• Name	BEAUCHAMP, Guy de
  Prefix	Earl
  Nickname	Black Dog
  Birth	1272	Elmley, Kent, England
  Gender	Male
  _TAG	Reviewed on FS
  Death	12 Aug 1315	Warwick, Warwickshire, England
  Burial	12 Aug 1315	Bordesley, Warwickshire, England
  Headstones	Submit Headstone Photo
  Person ID	I48056	Joseph Smith Sr and Lucy Mack Smith
  Last Modified	19 Aug 2021

  
  

  Father	BEAUCHAMP, Earl William de II ,   b. 1237, Elmley Castle, Worcestershire, England Elmley Castle, Worcestershire, Englandd. 9 Jun 1298, Elmley Castle, Worcestershire, England (Age 61 years)
  Mother	FITZJOHN, Countess Maud ,   b. 1237, Shere, Surrey, England Shere, Surrey, Englandd. 16 Apr 1301, Grey Friar, Worchester, England (Age 64 years)
  Marriage	Bef 1270	Worcester, Worcestershire, England
  Family ID	F23838	Group Sheet  |  Family Chart

  
  

  Family 1	CLARE, Isabell de ,   b. Abt 1275, Ingestre, Staff, England Ingestre, Staff, England
  Marriage	Bef 11 May 1297
  Family ID	F24810	Group Sheet  |  Family Chart
  Last Modified	24 Jan 2022

  
  

  Family 2	TOENI, Countess Alice de ,   b. 26 Apr 1254, Castle Maud, Flamsted, Hertfordshire, England Castle Maud, Flamsted, Hertfordshire, Englandd. 1 Jan 1324, Warwick, Warwickshire, England (Age 69 years)
  Marriage	10 Aug 1300	Warwick Castle, Warwickshire, England
  Family ID	F18344	Group Sheet  |  Family Chart
  Last Modified	24 Jan 2022

  
  

• Notes

  Halifax County, Virginia was divided in 1769 to form Pittsylvania County. William Asher Jr. and his brother Charles pulled up stakes and migrated to the new land that the"Long Hunters" were given permission to hunt in the wilderness beyond the hight mountain ranges, which are know today as the Blue Ridge, Smokey and Stone Mountains. William may have been one of the original 18 Long Hunters. He moved from Pittsylvania County, VA. to Boone Creek on the Watauga River along with William Bean in 1769-70 and later followed Captain Bean to the Holston River Valley near the Bean Station area. It is said that William died chasing a deer in the Holston River. During the Second Barons' War of 1264–67, William Maudit, 8th Earl of Warwick, was a supporter of King Henry III. The castle was taken in a surprise attack by the forces of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, from Kenilworth Castle in 1264. The walls along the northeastern side of the castle were slighted so that it would be useless to the king. Maudit and his countess were taken to Kenilworth Castle and held until a ransom was paid. After the death of William Mauduit in 1267, the title and castle passed to William de Beauchamp, 9th Earl of Warwick. Following William's death, Warwick Castle passed through seven generations of the Beauchamp family, who over the next 180 years were responsible for most of the additions made to the castle. In 1312, Piers Gaveston, 1st Earl of Cornwall, was captured by Guy de Beauchamp, 10th Earl of Warwick, and imprisoned in Warwick Castle until his execution on 9 June 1312. A group of magnates led by the Earl of Warwick and Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster, accused Gaveston of stealing the royal treasure. Under Thomas de Beauchamp, 11th Earl, the castle defences were significantly enhanced in 1330–60 on the north eastern side by the addition of a gatehouse, a barbican (a form of fortified gateway), and a tower on either side of the reconstructed wall, named Caesar's Tower and Guy's Tower. The Watergate Tower also dates from this period. The gatehouse features murder holes, two drawbridges, a gate, and portcullises – gates made from wood or metal. The facade overlooking the river was designed as a symbol of the power and wealth of the Beauchamp earls and would have been "of minimal defensive value"; this followed a trend of 14th-century castles being more statements of power than designed exclusively for military use. The line of Beauchamp earls ended in 1449 when Anne de Beauchamp, 15th Countess of Warwick, died. Richard Neville became the next Earl of Warwick through his wife's inheritance of the title. During the summer of 1469, Neville rebelled against King Edward IV and imprisoned him in Warwick Castle. Neville attempted to rule in the king's name; however, constant protests by the king's supporters forced the Earl to release the king. Neville was subsequently killed in the Battle of Barnet, fighting against King Edward IV in 1471 during the Wars of the Roses. Warwick Castle then passed from Neville to his son-in-law, George Plantagenet. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warwick_Castle BIO: from http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISH%20NOBILITY%20MEDIEVAL.htm#IsabelBeauchampdoed1306 GUY de Beauchamp ([1270/71]-Warwick 28 Jul 1315). Inquisitiones dated Jun 1298 record that "William de Bello Campo Earl of Warwick" held the castle of Worcester and other properties in Worcestershire and name "Guy de Warr´…son and next heir… aged 27 years"[995]. He succeeded his father in 1298 as Earl of Warwick. Betrothed (Papal dispensation 11 May 1297) ISABEL de Clare, daughter of GILBERT de Clare Earl of Gloucester and Hereford & his first wife Alice de Lusignan (10 Mar 1263-after 1322). m secondly ([12 Jan/28 Feb] 1310) as her second husband, ALICE de Tosny, widow of THOMAS de Leyburn, daughter of RALPH de Tosny & his wife Mary --- ([1282/85]-before 8 Jan 1325). She married thirdly (licence 26 Oct 1316) William La Zouche 1st Lord Zouche of Mortimer. ** from Complete Peerage (GEC) v ?? pp 370+ Warwick. 1298. Guy (de Beauchamp), Earl of Warwick, also hereditary Sheriff of Worcestshire and Chamberlain of the Excequer, son and heir, was said to be aged 23-27 in 1298 and 30 and more in 1301. He was knighted by Edward I at Easter (25 Mar) 1296 and fought in the King's division at the battle of Falkirk, 22 Jul 1298, receiving for his good service, 25 Sep following, a grant of Scottish lands, late of Geoffrey de Mowbray and others, to the value of 1000 marks; a Commissioner to treat for peace with France, 12 May 1299, and with the French envoys concerning losses inflicted by the Scots, 1 Mar 1300/1; was summoned for service against the Scots, 1299-1314; took part in the siege of Carlaverock, July 1300, being in the 2nd division under the Earl of Surrey; was at Perth with the Prince of Wales, with whom he frequently dined, Dec 1303-Apr 1304; and served under him at the siege of Stirling Castle, Apr-July following. For good service rendered he was granted 2 Feb 1306/7, Barnard Castle, co. Durham; and at the Coronation of Edward II, 25 Feb 1307/8, he carried the third sword. Falling foul of Gavaston, who called him "The Black Dog of Arden" he was prominent in procuring his banishment, 18 May 1308, and alone opposed his recall in 1309. Against the King's orders of 7 Feb. he, with Thomas of Lancaster and othrs, came in arms to the Parliament at Westminster, Mar., where he was sworn as one of the Lords Ordainers, 20 Mar 1309/10. After Piers Gavaston's surrender on terms to the Earls of Pembroke and Surrey at Scarborough, 19 May 1312, Piers was escored by Pembroke to Deddington, Oxon., where he was seized by Warwick, 10 June following, and carried off to Warwick Castle. On Lancaster's arrival there, with the Earls of Hereford and Arundel, Warwick handed over his prisoner, who was beheaded forthwith without trial, 19 June 1312, on Blacklow Hill. The confederate Earls remained in arms till peace was proclaimed, 22 Dec 1312, but though finally pardoned 16 Oct 1313, they refused to werve in the Bannockburn campaign of 1314. He was a Commissioner, 28 May 1315, to treat with Thomas of Lancaster about the custody of the Scottish Marches. He married, 1stly, before 11 May 1297, Isabel, daughter of Gilbert (de Clare), 6th Earl of Gloucester and Hertford, by his 1st wife Alice, daughter of Hugh (de Lusignan), Count of La Marche and Angouleme. This marriage appears to have been dissolved. He married, 2ndly, between 12 Jan and 28 Feb 1309/10, Alice, widow of Thomas de Leyburn (who died s.p.m. and v.p. shortly before 30 May 1307; son and heir apparent of William (de Leyburn), 1st Lord Leyburn), sister and heir of Robert (de Toni) 1st Lord Tony (who died s.p. shortly before 28 Nov 1309), daughter of Ralph de Toeni VII, by his wife Mary. He died 12 Aug 1315 at Warwick and was buried in Bordesley Abbey aforesaid. Will dated at Warwick 28 July 1315. His widow, who was aged 24-27 in 1309, married (license 26 Oct 1316), before 25 Feb 1316/7, as his 1st wife, William (la Zouche), 1st Lord Zouche (of Mortimer), who died 28 Feb 1336/7. She died shortly before 8 Jan 1324/5, leaving issue by all 3 husbands. ** from Wikipedia listing for Guy de Beauchamp, 10th Earl of Warwick Guy de Beauchamp, 10th Earl of Warwick (c. 1272 – 12 August 1315) was an English magnate, and one of the principal opponents of King Edward II and his favourite Piers Gaveston. Guy de Beauchamp was the son of William de Beauchamp, the first Beauchamp earl of Warwick, and succeeded his father in 1298. He distinguished himself at the Battle of Falkirk and subsequently, as a capable servant of the crown under King Edward I. After the succession of Edward II in 1307, however, he soon fell out with the new king and the king's favourite Piers Gaveston. Warwick was one of the main architects behind the Ordinances of 1311, that limited the powers of the king and banished Gaveston into exile. When Gaveston returned to England in 1312 – contrary to the rulings of the Ordinances – he was taken into custody by the Aymer de Valence, 2nd Earl of Pembroke. Warwick abducted Gaveston and, together with the Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster, had him executed. The act garnered sympathy and support for the king, but Warwick and Lancaster nevertheless managed to negotiate a royal pardon for their actions. After the disastrous defeat at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314, King Edward's authority was once more weakened, and the rebellious barons took over control of government. For Warwick the triumph was brief; he died the next year. Guy de Beauchamp is today remembered primarily for his part in the killing of Gaveston, but by his contemporaries he was considered a man of exceptionally good judgement and learning. He owned what was for his time a large collection of books, and his advice was often sought by many of the other earls. Next to Lancaster, he was the wealthiest peer in the nation, and after his death his lands and title were inherited by his son, Thomas de Beauchamp, 11th Earl of Warwick. Family background Seal of Guy de Beauchamp, 10th Earl of Warwick, as appended to the Barons' Letter, 1301. The arms shown are those of Newburgh, the family of his predecessors the Beaumont Earls of Warwick. The Beauchamps frequently quartered their own arms with those of Newburgh, on occasion placing the latter in the 1st & 4th quarters, positions of greatest honour Guy de Beauchamp was the first son and heir of William de Beauchamp, 9th Earl of Warwick, (c. 1238 – 1298). His mother was Maud FitzJohn, daughter of John fitz Geoffrey, who was Justiciar of Ireland and a member of the council of fifteen that imposed the Provisions of Oxford on King Henry III.[3] William was the nephew of William Maudit, 8th Earl of Warwick, and when his uncle died without issue in 1268, he became the first Beauchamp earl of Warwick.[4] In 1271 or 1272 his first son was born, and in reference to the new family title, William named his son after the legendary hero Guy of Warwick.[1] William de Beauchamp was a capable military commander, who played an important part in the Welsh and Scottish wars of King Edward I.[4] A marriage between Guy and Isabel de Clare, daughter of Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford, was contemplated, or possibly even took place and then annulled.[5][a] It was not until early 1309 that Guy married Alice de Toeni, a wealthy Hertfordshire heiress.[6] By this time Guy had already succeeded as earl of Warwick, after his father's death in 1298.[7] By Alice, Guy had three children, including his heir and successor, Thomas. Service to Edward I Edward I knighted Guy de Beauchamp at Easter 1296.[8] Warwick's career of public service started with the Falkirk campaign in 1298.[1] Here he distinguished himself, and received a reward of Scottish lands worth 1000 marks a year.[9] At this point his father was already dead, but it was not until 5 September that Guy did homage to the king for his lands, and became Earl of Warwick[8] and hereditary High Sheriff of Worcestershire for life. He continued in the king's service in Scotland and elsewhere. In 1299 he was present at the king's wedding to Margaret of France at Canterbury, and in 1300 he took part in the Siege of Caerlaverock.[5] The next year he was a signatory to a letter to the Pope, rejecting Rome's authority over the Scottish question, and also participated in negotiations with the French over the release of the Scottish King John Balliol.[5][10] He was present at the Siege of Stirling in 1304, serving under Edward, the Prince of Wales.[8] In March 1307 he made preparations to accompany Prince Edward to France, but this journey never took place.[5] Early in 1307, Edward I made his last grant to Warwick, when he gave him John Balliol's forfeited lordship of Barnard Castle in County Durham.[5] On 7 July that year, near Burgh by Sands in Cumberland, Warwick was present when King Edward died.[11] Together with Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, and Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln, he carried the ceremonial swords at the coronation of King Edward II on 25 February 1308.[8] Conflict with Edward II Before his death, the old king had exiled Prince Edward's favourite Piers Gaveston, and Warwick was among those charged with preventing Gaveston's return.[12] The new king, however, not only recalled his favourite, but soon also gave him the title of earl of Cornwall. Warwick was the only one of the leading earls who did not seal the charter, and from the start took on an antagonistic attitude to Edward II.[9] Gaveston was a relative upstart in the English aristocracy, and made himself unpopular among the established nobility by his arrogance and his undue influence on the king.[13] He gave mocking nicknames to the leading men of the realm, and called Warwick the "Black Dog of Arden".[b] Warwick was in constant opposition to King Edward II. Great seal of Edward II Gaveston was once more forced into exile, but Edward recalled him in less than a year. The king had spent the intervening time gathering support, and at the time, the only one to resist the return of Gaveston was Warwick.[14] With time, however, opposition to the king grew. Another source of contention was Edward abandoning his father's Scottish campaigns, a policy that opened the Border region up to devastating raids from the Scots.[15] This affected Warwick greatly, with his extensive landed interest in the north.[16] Tensions grew to the point where the king in 1310 had to ban Warwick and others from arriving at parliament in arms.[5] They still did, and at the parliament of March 1310, the king was forced to accept the appointment of a commission to draft a set of ordinances towards reform the royal government.[17] The leaders of these so-called Lords Ordainers were Robert Winchelsey, Archbishop of Canterbury, on the side of the clergy, and Warwick, Lincoln and Lancaster among the earls.[17][18] Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln, was the most experienced of the earls, and took on a modifying role in the group.[19] Thomas of Lancaster, who was Lincoln's son-in-law and heir, was the king's cousin and the wealthiest nobleman in the realm, but at this point he took a less active part in the reform movement.[20] Warwick is described by some sources as the leader of the Ordainers; he was certainly the most aggressive.[5] The set of Ordinances they drafted put heavy restrictions on the king's financial freedom, and his right to appoint his own ministers. It also – once more – ordered Gaveston to be exiled, to return only at the risk of excommunication.[21] Gaveston's death Gaveston's third and final exile was of even shorter duration, and after two months he was reunited with Edward in England.[22] Archbishop Winchelsey responded by excommunicating Gaveston, as the Ordinances had stipulated.[23] Lancaster, who had by this time inherited his father-in-law Lincoln, had taken over leadership of the baronial opposition.[24] A number of the barons set out in pursuit of Gaveston while the king left for York. Gaveston ensconced himself at Scarborough Castle, and on 19 May 1312 agreed on a surrender to Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pembroke, as long as his security would be guaranteed.[25] Pembroke lodged his prisoner in Deddington in Oxfordshire. On 10 June, while Pembroke was away, Warwick forcibly carried away Gaveston to Warwick Castle.[26] Here, in the presence of Warwick, Lancaster and other magnates, Gaveston was sentenced to death at an improvised court. On 19 June he was taken to a place called Blacklow Hill – on Lancaster's lands – and decapitated. According to the Annales Londonienses chronicle, four shoemakers brought the corpse back to Warwick, but he refused to accept it, and ordered them to take it back to where they found it.[27] Gaveston's body was eventually taken to Oxford by some Dominican friars, and in 1315, King Edward finally had it buried at Kings Langley.[27] The brutality and questionable legality of the earls' act helped garner sympathy for the king in the political community.[28] Pembroke was particularly offended, as he had been made to break his promise of safety to Gaveston, and his chivalric honour had been damaged. From this point on Pembroke sided firmly with King Edward in the political conflict.[29] The king himself swore vengeance on his enemies, but found himself unable to move against them immediately, partly because they were in possession of a number of highly valuable royal jewels taken from Gaveston.[30][31] A settlement was reached in October, whereby the rebellious barons and their retainers received a pardon.[32] The king nevertheless emerged strengthened from the events, while Warwick and Lancaster were largely marginalised.[33] This all changed in 1314, when the king decided to stage his first major campaign against the Scots. Warwick and Lancaster refused to participate in the campaign, which ended in a humiliating English defeat at the Battle of Bannockburn on 24 June. This led to another political bouleversement, and Edward was forced to reconfirm the Ordinances, and submit to the leadership of the rebellious barons.[34] Death and historical assessment In mid-July Warwick had to withdraw from government to his estates, due to illness.[35] Political leadership was soon left almost entirely to Lancaster, when Warwick died on 12 August 1315. The chronicler Thomas Walsingham reported rumours that the king had him poisoned.[36] He was buried at Bordesley Abbey in Worcestershire, an establishment to which his family had served as benefactors.[5] In value, his possessions were second only to those of the earl of Lancaster among the nobility of England.[37] His lands, though primarily centred on Warwickshire and Worcestershire, were spread out over nineteen counties as well as Scotland and the Welsh Marches.[5] His heir was his oldest son, whom he had named Thomas after the earl of Lancaster.[5] Thomas, born probably on 14 February 1314, did not succeed to his father's title until 1326, as Thomas de Beauchamp, 11th Earl of Warwick.[7][38] In the meanwhile his possessions went into the king's hand, who donated his hunting dogs to the earl of Pembroke.[39] A younger son, named John, also became a peer, as John de Beauchamp, 1st Baron Beauchamp. Like his older brother, he distinguished himself in the French wars, and was a founding member of the Order of the Garter.[40] Guy de Beauchamp is probably best remembered by posterity for his opposition to King Edward II, and for his part in the death of Gaveston.[5] To contemporaries, however, he was considered a man of considerable learning and wisdom. His library, of which he donated 42 books to Bordesley Abbey during his lifetime, was extensive. It contained several saints' lives as well as romances about Alexander and King Arthur.[1] As mentioned, Edward I entrusted the supervision of his son with Warwick. Likewise, when the earl of Lincoln died in 1311, he supposedly instructed his son-in-law Thomas of Lancaster to heed the advice of Warwick, "the wisest of the peers".[41] Chronicles also praised Warwick's wisdom; the Vita Edwardi Secundi said that "Other earls did many things only after taking his opinion: in wisdom and council he had no peer".[1][5] Later historians have reflected this view, in the 19th century William Stubbs called Warwick "a discriminating and highly literate man, the wisdom of whom shone forth through the whole kingdom".[5] Warwick's death came at an inconvenient time; Thomas of Lancaster proved unequal to the task of governing the nation, and further years of conflict and instability followed. Nevertheless, the problems of Edward II's reign were deep, and in the words of Michael Hicks: "one must doubt whether even Warwick could have brought unity as one chronicler supposed".[1] Notes a. ^ Cokayne considers the marriage to Isabel dissolved, though he raises doubts about whether it was ever consummated, or even carried out.[8] b. ^ The moniker was a reference to the earl's swarthy complexion, and to the forest of Arden in Warwickshire.[1] References Hicks, Michael (1991). Who's Who in Late Medieval England (1272-1485). Who's Who in British History Series 3. London: Shepheard-Walwyn. ISBN 0-85683-092-5. Source: Arms of "Thomas, Earl of Warwick" stated in several 13th-century Rolls of Arms, incl. Collins' Roll, c. 1296 Carpenter, David (2004). "John fitz Geoffrey (c. 1206–1258)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/38271. Coss, Peter (2004). "Beauchamp, William (IV) de, ninth earl of Warwick (c. 1238–1298)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/47242. Hamilton, J. S. (2004). "Beauchamp, Guy de, tenth earl of Warwick (c. 1272–1315)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/1835. Cokayne, George (1910–59). The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom xii (New ed.). London: The St. Catherine Press. p. 774. Fryde, E. B. (1961). Handbook of British Chronology (Second ed.). London: Royal Historical Society. p. 453. Cokayne (1910–59), xii, pp. 370–2. Maddicott (1970), p. 69. Prestwich, Michael (1997). Edward I (updated ed.). New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 495. ISBN 0-300-07209-0. Prestwich (1997), p. 24. Phillips, J.R.S. (1972). Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pembroke 1307-1324 (updated ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 557. ISBN 0-19-822359-5. McKisack, May (1959). The Fourteenth Century: 1307–1399. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 2–4. ISBN 0-19-821712-9. Maddicott (1970), p. 90. Maddicott (1970), pp. 108–9. Maddicott (1970), pp. 72, 111, 325. McKisack (1959), p. 10. Prestwich, M.C. (2005). Plantagenet England: 1225–1360. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 182. ISBN 0-19-822844-9. OCLC 185767800. Phillips (1972), p. 9. Maddicott (1970), pp. 9, 84–7. The text of the Ordinances can be found in Rothwell, H. (ed.) (1975). English Historical Documents III, 1189–1327. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode. pp. 527–539. ISBN 0-413-23310-3. Hamilton, J. S. (1988). Piers Gaveston, Earl of Cornwall, 1307-1312: Politics and Patronage in the Reign of Edward II. Detroit; London: Wayne State University Press; Harvester-Wheatsheaf. pp. 92–3. ISBN 0-8143-2008-2. Hamilton (1988), p. 94. Maddicott (1970), p. 119. Hamilton (1988), p. 96. Hamilton (1988), p. 97. Hamilton (1988), p. 99. McKisack (1959), pp. 28–9. Phillips (1972), pp. 36–7. Roberts, R. A. (ed.) (1929). "Edward II, the lords ordainers, and Piers Gaveston's jewels and horses, 1312-1313". Camden Miscellany, (London: Royal Historical Society) viii: p. 26. Maddicott (1970), 130–54. McKisack (1959), p. 30. Maddicott (1970), p. 158–9. Prestwich (2005), p. 190. Phillips (1972), p. 92. Maddicott (1970), p. 170. Maddicott, J. R. (1970). Thomas of Lancaster, 1307–1322: A Study in the Reign of Edward II. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 22–23. ISBN 0-19-821837-0. Cokayne (1910–59), xii, pp. 372–5. Phillips (1972), p. 94. Cokayne (1910–59), ii, pp. 50–1. Maddicott (1970), p. 115.