FLANDERS, Count Robert Le Frison^[1]

1035 - 1093  (58 years)  Submit Photo / Document

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• Name	FLANDERS, Robert Le Frison
  Prefix	Count
  Birth	13 Oct 1035	Hainaut, Belgium
  Gender	Male
  Burial	Oct 1093
  Death	13 Oct 1093	Kassel, Hesse-Nassau, Germany
  WAC	4 Feb 1937	SLAKE
  _TAG	Reviewed on FS
  Headstones	Submit Headstone Photo
  Person ID	I68501	Joseph Smith Sr and Lucy Mack Smith
  Last Modified	19 Aug 2021

  
  

  Father	FLANDERS, Count Baldwin ,   b. 19 Aug 1012, Arras, Pas-de-Calais, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France Arras, Pas-de-Calais, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, Franced. 1 Sep 1067, Lille, Nord, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France (Age 55 years)
  Mother	FRANCE, Countess Alix Capet ,   b. 5 Mar 1009, Toulouse, Haute-Garonne, Midi-Pyrenees, France Toulouse, Haute-Garonne, Midi-Pyrenees, Franced. 8 Jan 1079, L'ordest Benoist, Messines, France (Age 69 years)
  Marriage	Abt 1028	Paris, France
  Notes	~SEALING_SPOUSE: Also shown as SealSp ARIZO.
  Family ID	F32431	Group Sheet  |  Family Chart

  
  

  Family	SAXONY, Princess Gertrude ,   b. 1028, Schweinfurt, Franconia, Bavaria, Germany Schweinfurt, Franconia, Bavaria, Germanyd. 4 Aug 1113, Schweinfurt, Franconia, Bavaria, Germany (Age 85 years)
  Marriage	1063
  Family ID	F32432	Group Sheet  |  Family Chart
  Last Modified	24 Jan 2022

  
  

• Notes

  Robert 1. Friseren, født ca. 1013 - død 13.Okt.1093 i Kassel, Tyskland, var greve af Flandern 1071-93 og søn af grev Balduin V af Flandern. Efter sit ægteskab i 1063 med Gertrud Billung, enke efter Floris 1. af Holland, blev Robert værge for hendes mindreårige søn, grev Dirk 5. af Holland (1061-91), der havde arvet Frisland øst for floden Schelde. Fra sin far arvede han hele Flandern, samt de Frisiske øer vest for floden Schelde, så han blev i sin egen ret kendt blandt de Flamske folk som Robert Friseren. Hans ret til Flandern blev imidlertid bekæmpet af hans ældre broder, Baldwin VI, som havde efterfulgt i grevskabet af Flandern. Der brød krig ud mellem de to brødre, og Balwin blev dræbt i et slag i 1070. Robert krævede så formynderskabet over Baldwin's børn og fik støtte fra den tyske kejser Henrik IV, mens Richilde, Baldwin's enke, søgte hjælp fra Philip I af Frankrig. Striden blev afgjort 22. februar 1071 i Ravenshoven, nær ved Kassel, hvor Robert vandt. Richilde blev fængslet, og hendes ældste søn, Arnulf III, blev dræbt. Fra Philip I fik Robert sin indsættelsesret til Flanderns krone og fra Henik IV lensretten, som dannede riget Flandern. Gertruds datter, Bertha, blev gift med Filip 1. af Frankrig, formentlig som et led i fredsafslutningen. Gennem nogle år fik Robert stor indflydelse på fransk politik gennem sin steddatter, som blev mor til Ludvig 6. den Tykke. Robert var fjende af Vilhelm 1. Erobreren, som var gift med hans søster Matilda, og planlagde sammen med Knud den Hellige en invasion i England i 1085. Invasionen blev dog ikke til noget. Robert tog på en pilgrimsfærd til Jerusalem i de sene 1080'ere. På tilbagevejen i 1090 var han i midlertidig tjeneste i den Byzantinsek kejser Alexius I's hær, for at hjælpe ham i krigen mod Seljuq Tyrkerne. Robert fik et godt forhold til Alexius og lovede at sende kejseren 500 riddere. Anna Komnena, Alexios' historieskrivende datter, fortæller at de omtrent 500 udvalgte riddere faktisk kom. I 1093 gjorde han Brugge til sin hovedstad. Roberts pilgrimsrejse og tjeneste hos den Byzantinske kejser skabte et mønster, som senere blev fulgt i det Første Korstog (1096-99). As my L1FD-XVV has been merged with (to) LBTD-DM3, translated and written from: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-I-count-of-Flanders BIO: Count of Flanders, 1071; Count of Holland, 1062-1071 ** from http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/FLANDERS,%20HAINAUT.htm#RobertIdied1093B as of 1/17/2016 ROBERT de Flandre, son of BAUDOUIN V "le Pieux/Insulanus" Count of Flanders & his wife Adela de France ([1035]-13 Oct 1093). The Genealogica Comitum Flandriæ Bertiniana names (in order) "Balduinum Haanoniensem, et Robdbertum cognomento postea Iherosolimitanum, et Matilde uxorem Guillelmi regis Anglorum" as the children of "Balduinum Insulanum [et] Adelam"[270]. "Robertus filius Balduini comitis Insulani" is named in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin[271]. He is recorded by Orderic Vitalis as uncle of Robert de Normandie[272]. The Annales Blandinienses record that in 1063 "Rodbertus, Baldwini potentissimi iunior filius, Frisiam subintrat"[273]. He was regent of the county of Holland 1062-1071, during the minority of his stepson. He rebelled against his nephew Arnoul III Count of Flanders and defeated him at the battle of Cassel 22 Feb 1071, succeeding as ROBERT I "le Frison" Count of Flanders. He was recognised as count by Philippe I King of France after Robert transferred Corbie to him, the arrangement being confirmed by the king's marriage to Count Robert's stepdaughter Bertha of Holland[274]. Relations with William I King of England were poor, culminating in Count Robert's planned naval attack in 1085, with his son-in-law Knud II King of Denmark, although the enterprise ended when the latter was assassinated[275]. William of Malmesbury records that Robert made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, dated to between 1086 and 1090[276]. On his way back, he entered the service of Emperor Alexios I[277]. The Annales Blandinienses record the death "III Id Oct 1093" of "Rodbertus, primus huius nominis Flandriæ marchysus"[278]. m (1063) as her second husband, GERTRUD of Saxony, widow of FLORIS I Count of Holland, daughter of BERNHARD II Duke of Saxony [Billung] & his wife Eilika von Schweinfurt (Schweinfurt [1028]-Veurne 18 Jul or 4 Aug 1113, bur Veurne). "Gertrudis" is named as wife of "Roberti Frisonis" in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin, which does not give her origin[279]. The Genealogica Comitum Flandriæ Bertiniana names "filiam Bernardi Saxonum comitis Gertrudem" as wife of "Robertus", specifying that she was "viduam Florentii comitis Fresonum"[280]. The Genealogia ex stirpe Sancti Arnulfi names "Idam Namucensem…uxorem Angelberti marchionis et Gertrudem comitissam Flandrensem" as children of "Bernardum"[281]. The Annales Egmundani specify that Robert acquired "comitatum Hollandiæ et Fresiæ" by marrying Gertrud[282]. The date of her second marriage is based on the Chronologia Johannes de Beke recording that, two years after the death of her first husband, Gertrud married "Roberto iuniori filio Balduini comitis Flandrie", specifying that the latter ruled the county of Holland on behalf of "Theodrici domicelli iunioris adhuc etatis"[283]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "XV Kal Aug" of "Gertrudis comitissa"[284]. Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium records the death "IV die Aug" of "Gheertrudis…" and her burial in Flanders[285]. Count Robert & his wife had six children: 1. ADELA de Flandre ([1065]-Apr 1115). m firstly ([1080]) KNUD II “den Hellige/the Holy” King of Denmark, illegitimate son of SVEND II King of Denmark & his mistress --- (-murdered Odense, St Albans Church 10 Jul 1086, bur Odense, St Albans Church, later called St Knuds Church). m secondly (1090) ROGER "Borsa/the Purse" Duke of Apulia, son of ROBERT "Guiscard/Weasel" Duke of Apulia & his second wife Sichelgaita di Salerno ([1061]-22 Feb 1111). 2. ROBERT (1065-[5 Oct] 1111, bur Arras St Vaast[303]). He ruled with his father as joint count of Flanders from 1086[306]. He succeeded his father in 1093 as ROBERT II Count of Flanders. m (before 1092) as her first husband, CLEMENCE de Bourgogne, daughter of GUILLAUME I Comte de Bourgogne & his wife Etiennette --- ([1078]-[1133]). 3. PHILIPPE de Flandres "de Loo" (-before 1127). 4. [OGIVE] de Flandre (before 1071-Apr before 1141). Abbess of Messines before 1107. 5. [BAUDOUIN de Flandre (-before 1080). 6. GERTRUDE de Flandre (-[1115/26]). m firstly HENRI III Comte de Louvain, son of HENRI II Comte de Louvain & his wife Adela [Adelheid] in der Betuwe (-Tournai 5 Feb 1095). m secondly (Han-sur-Lesse 15 Aug 1095) as his second wife, THIERRY II Duke of Lorraine, son of GERARD Duke of Upper Lotharingia & his wife Hadwide [de Namur] (-30 Dec 1115). ** from http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/prov/baldw005.htm Robert "the Frisian", d. 12 or 13 October 1093 ["Eodemque anno III id. Octobris obiit Rodbertus, primus huius nominis Flandriæ marchysus." Ann. Bland., s.a. 1093, 31; "Et Rotbertus comes Casletensis moritur IV id. Octobris." Ann. Formos., s.a. 1093; see Grierson (1937), 31, n. 2], count/marquis of Flanders, 1071-1093, m. Gertrude, widow of Floris I, count of Holland, and daughter of Bernhard II, duke of Saxony ["Horum patruus Robertus duxit filiam Bernardi Saxonum comitis Gertrudem, viduam Florentii comitis Fresonum, et cum ea eius tenuit regnum." Genealogia comitum Flandriae Bertiniana, MGH SS 9: 306]. ** from Wikipedia listing for Robert I, Count of Flanders as of 1/17/2016 Robert I of Flanders (c. 1035–1093), known as Robert the Frisian, was count of Flanders from 1071 to his death in 1093. Life He was the younger son of Baldwin V of Flanders and Adèle of France, a daughter of King Robert II of France.[1] His elder brother, Baldwin, succeeded their father as Baldwin VI, Count of Flanders and his sister Matilda of Flanders had married William, then duke of Normandy and later King of England. His marriage to Gertrude of Saxony, dowager Countess of Holland in 1063 was not arranged by his father but nonetheless agreed to.[2] She was the widow of Floris I, Count of Holland, who already had three children including a daughter Bertha.[3] His nickname 'the Frisian' was obtained, apparently, when he acted as regent for his stepson Dirk V, Count of Holland[2] (Frisia being the name for Holland at the time). On his deathbed in 1070, Robert's brother Baldwin VI, Count of Flanders, left Flanders to his eldest son Arnulf III and Hainaut to the next oldest son Baldwin with the provision that if either preceded the other in death, he would inherit the other's county as well.[4] Baldwin VI further entrusted his brother Robert with the safeguard of his son Arnulf III, who was still a minor, to which Robert gave his oath of homage and solemn promise to protect his nephew Arnulf.[4] Richilde, Arnulf's mother and de jure Countess of Hainaut was to be regent until Arnulf came of age.[5] After Baldwin VI's death, however, Robert disputed the succession of Arnulf and entered Ghent with the intent of taking Flanders for himself.[6] Richilde appealed to King Philip I of France who summoned Robert to appear before him.[7] Robert refused and continued his war with Richilde at which point Philip I amassed an army which he brought to Flanders.[6] His army was accompanied by Norman troops, probably sent by Queen Matilda and led by William FitzOsborn.[a][5] William had an interest in marrying Richilde but he was killed in battle at Cassel,[5] which battle was joined on 22 February 1071.[5] In that engagement Robert's forces were ultimately victorious but Robert himself was captured and his forces in turn captured the Countess Richilde.[7] Both were freed in exchange and the battle continued to its conclusion.[7] Among the dead was Arnulf III, killed by Gerbod the Fleming, 1st Earl of Chester who apparently fought for Robert.[8] As a result of the battle Robert claimed the countship of Flanders.[7] The Countess Richilde and her son Baldwin returned to Hainaut but continued to instigate hostilities against Robert.[7] Count Robert eventually gained the friendship of King Philip I of France by offering him the hand in marriage of his stepdaughter, Bertha of Holland.[9] As a part of their negotiations Corbie, an important trade center on the border between Flanders and lesser France, was returned to royal control.[10] Unlike his father's reign, under Count Robert, Flanders no longer had peaceful ties to Normandy and became a refuge for the Conqueror's enemies, including his rebellious son, Robert Curthose in 1078.[b][9] In 1085 Robert the Frisian, along with his son-in-law Canute IV of Denmark, planned a naval attack on England, but after Cnut's assassination the plan was never carried out.[9] Taking a considerable armed escort Robert the Frisian made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem in 1086 and on the return trip home spent time assisting the Byzantine Emperor (Alexios I Komnenos) against the Seljuq Turks.[11] In one battle Robert and three of his companions rode ahead of the main army charging the forces under the command of Kerbogha, whose forces the Christians scattered completely.[12] Robert died 13 October 1093.[1] Family Robert married Gertrude of Saxony, widow of Floris I, Count of Holland. They had the following children: Robert II, Count of Flanders, married Clementia of Burgundy.[1] Adela of Flanders († 1115); married firstly King Canute IV of Denmark,[1] and was the mother of Charles the Good, later Count of Flanders; married secondly Duke of Apulia.[1] Gertrude; married firstly Henry III, Count of Leuven and had four children;[1] and secondly Thierry II, Duke of Lorraine,[1] by whom she was the mother of Thierry of Alsace, also later Count of Flanders. Philip of Loo,[1] whose illegitimate son William of Ypres was also a claimant to the county of Flanders. Ogiva, Abbess of Messines.[1] Baldwin († bef. 1080).[c][1] Notes ^ FitzOsborn's motives for being at the battle of Cassel vary considerably depending on which chronicler you read. Robert of Torigni states he went at the request of Queen Matilda, William of Malmesbury claims he was in love with Richilde while William of Jumièges says he went on his own accord. Heather Tanner comments (Families, Friends, and Allies: Boulogne and Politics in Northern France and England c.879—1160 (Brill, 2004), pp. 103–4 & Esp. n. 138) that FitzOsborn was one of William the Conqueror's advisors who would not likely leave England without the king's consent making Robert of Torigni's explanation the more likely. The Conqueror was Arnulf III's uncle so his, or Queen Matilda's sending a Norman contingent would make sense. ^ The relationships between England and Flanders, and between Normandy and Flanders prior to 1066 are complex and the fact that Flanders harbored fugitives from both England and Normandy did not improve the situation, yet they were not always unfriendly either; there were certainly conflicting loyalties. See: Lesley Abrams, 'England, Normandy and Scandinavia', Companion to the Anglo-Norman World, Ed. C. Harper-Bill, E. van Houts (Boydell Press, 2002), 43—62. Philip Grierson contended (in his 'Relations between England and Flanders...' TRHS, XXIII (1941) 71—113) that there were no close relationships between England and Flanders prior to the Norman Conquest. Renée Nip (in 'Political Relations Between England and Flanders', Anglo-Norman Studies 21 (1999), 145—168) adds that the Norman Conquest of England, even though many Flemings participated and the fact a marriage alliance between Normandy and Flanders existed, did not improve relationships between England and Flanders. Later commercial interests would change the situation significantly. See also, David Bates, Normandy and its Neighbours, 900—1250: Essays for David Bates, Ed. David Crouch, Kathleen Thompson (Brepols, 2011). ^ Died young. References ^a b c d e f g h i j Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue folge, Band II (Marburg, Germany: Verlag von J. A. Stargardt, 1984), Tafel 5 ^ a b Renée Nip, 'The Political Relations between England and Flanders (1066–1128)', Anglo-Norman Studies 21: Proceedings of the Battle Conference 1998, Ed. Christopher Harper-Bill (Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 1999), p. 147 ^ William of Malmsbury: Gesta Regum Anglorum, The History of the English Kings, Ed. R. M. Thomson (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), p. 244 ^a b Gilbert of Mons, Chronicle of Hainaut, Trans. Laura Napran (Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 2005), p. 5 ^a b c d Renée Nip, 'The Political Relations between England and Flanders (1066–1128)', Anglo-Norman Studies 21: Proceedings of the Battle Conference 1998, Ed. Christopher Harper-Bill (Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 1999), p. 154 ^ a b Jim Bradbury, The Capetians: The History of a Dynasty (987–1328) (London & New York: Hambledon Continuum, 2007), p. 114 ^a b c d e Gilbert of Mons, Chronicle of Hainaut, Trans. Laura Napran (Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 2005), p. 6 ^ Renée Nip, 'The Political Relations between England and Flanders (1066–1128)', Anglo-Norman Studies 21: Proceedings of the Battle Conference 1998, Ed. Christopher Harper-Bill (Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 1999), p. 155 ^a b c David Nicholas, Medieval Flanders (Longman Group UK Limited, 1992), p. 57 ^ Jim Bradbury, The Capetians: The History of a Dynasty (987–1328) (London & New York: Hambledon Continuum, 2007), p. 123 ^ Steven Runciman, The First Crusade (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980), p. 32 ^ The Alexiad of Anna Comnena, Trans. E.R.A. Sewer (London: The Penguin Group, 1969), p. 351. Robert I, Count of Flanders Robert I of Flanders (1029/1032 – 13 October 1093 in Kassel), known asRobert the Frisian, was count of Flanders from 1071 to 1092. History He was the younger son of Baldwin V of Flanders and Adèle, a daughter of King Robert II of France. Robert was originally intended to secure the northern borders ofFlanders by his marriage to Gertrude of Saxony, Dowager Countess of Holland, but after his brother's death in 1070 he displaced his nephews and became count of Flanders. Family By Gertrude of Saxony he had five children: Robert II Adela (d. 1115), who first married king Canute IV of Denmark, and was the mother of Charles the Good, later count of Flanders. She then married Roger Borsa, duke of Apulia. Gertrude, who married 1) Henry III, Count of Louvain and had 4 children.[1] 2) Thierry II, Duke of Lorraine, and was the mother of Thierry of Alsace, also later count of Flanders Philip of Loo, whose illegitimate son William of Ypres was also a claimant to the county of Flanders Ogiva, abbess of Messines Count of Flanders Robert's nephew Arnulf III (son of Baldwin VI of Flanders) succeeded his father in 1070 and was supported by his mother Richilde, Countess of Mons and Hainaut. However, Robert challenged Arnulf's succession to the throne of Flanders and began rallying support mainly in northern Flanders (where the bulk of Arnulf's forces were located). Arnulf's ranks contained individuals such as Count Eustace II of Boulogne, Count Eustace III of Boulogne, and Godfrey of Bouillon. Moreover, Arnulf was supported by King Philip I of France since Philip's aunt, Adela, married Baldwin V of Flanders. A contingent of ten Normanknights led by William FitzOsborn were among the forces sent by Philip to aid Arnulf. Robert's forces attacked Arnulf's numerically superior army at Cassel before it could organize. Arnulf himself was killed along with William FitzOsborn while Richilde was captured by Robert's forces. However, Robert himself was captured by Eustace II. Ultimately, Richilde was exchanged for Robert's freedom.[1] As a result of the battle Robert became count of Flanders. Robert I, Count of Flanders From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Robert I of Flanders Robrecht de Fries.png Robert I Count of Flanders Count of Flanders Reign22 February 1071 to 13 October 1093 PredecessorArnulf III SuccessorRobert II Spouse(s)Gertrude of Saxony Noble familyHouse of Flanders FatherBaldwin V of Flanders MotherAdèle Bornc. 1035 Died1093 Robert I of Flanders (c. 1035–1093), known as Robert the Frisian, was count of Flanders from 1071 to his death in 1093. Contents [hide] 1Life 2Family 3Ancestry 4Notes 5References Life[edit] He was the younger son of Baldwin V of Flanders and Adèle of France, a daughter of King Robert II of France.[1] His elder brother, Baldwin, succeeded their father as Baldwin VI, Count of Flanders and his sister Matilda of Flanders had married William, then duke of Normandy and later King of England. His marriage to Gertrude of Saxony, dowager Countess of Holland in 1063 was not arranged by his father but nonetheless agreed to.[2] She was the widow of Floris I, Count of Holland, who already had three children including a daughter Bertha.[3] His nickname 'the Frisian' was obtained, apparently, when he acted as regent for his stepson Dirk V, Count of Holland[2] (Frisia being the name for Holland at the time). On his deathbed in 1070, Robert's brother Baldwin VI, Count of Flanders, left Flanders to his eldest son Arnulf III and Hainaut to the next oldest son Baldwin with the provision that if either preceded the other in death, he would inherit the other's county as well.[4] Baldwin VI further entrusted his brother Robert with the safeguard of his son Arnulf III, who was still a minor, to which Robert gave his oath of homage and solemn promise to protect his nephew Arnulf.[4] Richilde, Arnulf's mother and de jure Countess of Hainaut was to be regent until Arnulf came of age.[5] After Baldwin VI's death, however, Robert disputed the succession of Arnulf and entered Ghent with the intent of taking Flanders for himself.[6] Richilde appealed to King Philip I of France who summoned Robert to appear before him.[7] Robert refused and continued his war with Richilde at which point Philip I amassed an army which he brought to Flanders.[6] His army was accompanied by Norman troops, probably sent by Queen Matilda and led by William FitzOsborn.[a][5] William had an interest in marrying Richilde but he was killed in battle at Cassel,[5] which battle was joined on 22 February 1071.[5] In that engagement Robert's forces were ultimately victorious but Robert himself was captured and his forces in turn captured the Countess Richilde.[7] Both were freed in exchange and the battle continued to its conclusion.[7] Among the dead was Arnulf III, killed by Gerbod the Fleming, 1st Earl of Chester who apparently fought for Robert.[8] As a result of the battle Robert claimed the countship of Flanders.[7] The Countess Richilde and her son Baldwin returned to Hainaut but continued to instigate hostilities against Robert.[7] Count Robert eventually gained the friendship of King Philip I of France by offering him the hand in marriage of his stepdaughter, Bertha of Holland.[9] As a part of their negotiations Corbie, an important trade center on the border between Flanders and lesser France, was returned to royal control.[10] Unlike his father's reign, under Count Robert, Flanders no longer had peaceful ties to Normandy and became a refuge for the Conqueror's enemies, including his rebellious son, Robert Curthose in 1078.[b][9] In 1085 Robert the Frisian, along with his son-in-law Canute IV of Denmark, planned a naval attack on England, but after Cnut's assassination the plan was never carried out.[9] Taking a considerable armed escort Robert the Frisian made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem in 1086 and on the return trip home spent time assisting the Byzantine Emperor (Alexios I Komnenos) against the Seljuq Turks.[11] In one battle Robert and three of his companions rode ahead of the main army charging the forces under the command of Kerbogha, whose forces the Christians scattered completely.[12] Robert died 13 October 1093.[1] Family[edit] Robert married Gertrude of Saxony, widow of Floris I, Count of Holland. They had the following children: Robert II, Count of Flanders, married Clementia of Burgundy.[1] Adela of Flanders († 1115); married firstly King Canute IV of Denmark,[1] and was the mother of Charles the Good, later Count of Flanders; married secondly Roger Borsa d'Hauteville, Duke of Apulia.[1] Gertrude; married firstly Henry III, Count of Leuven and had four children;[1] and secondly Thierry II, Duke of Lorraine,[1] by whom she was the mother of Thierry of Alsace, also later Count of Flanders. Philip of Loo,[1] whose illegitimate son William of Ypres was also a claimant to the county of Flanders. Ogiva, Abbess of Messines.[1] Baldwin († bef. 1080).[c][1] Ancestry[edit] [show]Ancestors of Robert I, Count of Flanders Portal iconBelgium portal Notes[edit] Jump up ^ FitzOsborn's motives for being at the battle of Cassel vary considerably depending on which chronicler you read. Robert of Torigni states he went at the request of Queen Matilda, William of Malmesbury claims he was in love with Richilde while William of Jumièges says he went on his own accord. Heather Tanner comments (Families, Friends, and Allies: Boulogne and Politics in Northern France and England c.879—1160 (Brill, 2004), pp. 103–4 & Esp. n. 138) that FitzOsborn was one of William the Conqueror's advisors who would not likely leave England without the king's consent making Robert of Torigni's explanation the more likely. The Conqueror was Arnulf III's uncle so his, or Queen Matilda's sending a Norman contingent would make sense. Jump up ^ The relationships between England and Flanders, and between Normandy and Flanders prior to 1066 are complex and the fact that Flanders harbored fugitives from both England and Normandy did not improve the situation, yet they were not always unfriendly either; there were certainly conflicting loyalties. See: Lesley Abrams, 'England, Normandy and Scandinavia', Companion to the Anglo-Norman World, Ed. C. Harper-Bill, E. van Houts (Boydell Press, 2002), 43—62. Philip Grierson contended (in his 'Relations between England and Flanders...' TRHS, XXIII (1941) 71—113) that there were no close relationships between England and Flanders prior to the Norman Conquest. Renée Nip (in 'Political Relations Between England and Flanders', Anglo-Norman Studies 21 (1999), 145—168) adds that the Norman Conquest of England, even though many Flemings participated and the fact a marriage alliance between Normandy and Flanders existed, did not improve relationships between England and Flanders. Later commercial interests would change the situation significantly. See also, David Bates, Normandy and its Neighbours, 900—1250: Essays for David Bates, Ed. David Crouch, Kathleen Thompson (Brepols, 2011). Jump up ^ Died young. References[edit] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue folge, Band II (Marburg, Germany: Verlag von J. A. Stargardt, 1984), Tafel 5 ^ Jump up to: a b Renée Nip, 'The Political Relations between England and Flanders (1066–1128)', Anglo-Norman Studies 21: Proceedings of the Battle Conference 1998, Ed. Christopher Harper-Bill (Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 1999), p. 147 Jump up ^ William of Malmsbury: Gesta Regum Anglorum, The History of the English Kings, Ed. R. M. Thomson (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), p. 244 ^ Jump up to: a b Gilbert of Mons, Chronicle of Hainaut, Trans. Laura Napran (Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 2005), p. 5 ^ Jump up to: a b c d Renée Nip, 'The Political Relations between England and Flanders (1066–1128)', Anglo-Norman Studies 21: Proceedings of the Battle Conference 1998, Ed. Christopher Harper-Bill (Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 1999), p. 154 ^ Jump up to: a b Jim Bradbury, The Capetians: The History of a Dynasty (987–1328) (London & New York: Hambledon Continuum, 2007), p. 114 ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Gilbert of Mons, Chronicle of Hainaut, Trans. Laura Napran (Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 2005), p. 6 Jump up ^ Renée Nip, 'The Political Relations between England and Flanders (1066–1128)', Anglo-Norman Studies 21: Proceedings of the Battle Conference 1998, Ed. Christopher Harper-Bill (Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 1999), p. 155 ^ Jump up to: a b c David Nicholas, Medieval Flanders (Longman Group UK Limited, 1992), p. 57 Jump up ^ Jim Bradbury, The Capetians: The History of a Dynasty (987–1328) (London & New York: Hambledon Continuum, 2007), p. 123 Jump up ^ Steven Runciman, The First Crusade (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980), p. 32 Jump up ^ The Alexiad of Anna Comnena, Trans. E.R.A. Sewer (London: The Penguin Group, 1969), p. 351.

  
  

• Sources

  [S985] The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ancestral File (TM), (June 1998 (c), data as of 5 JAN 1998).